|
Neath ((ウェールズ語:Castell-nedd)) is a town and community situated in the principal area of Neath Port Talbot, Wales with a population of 19,258 in 2011.〔 The wider urban area, which includes neighbouring settlements, had a population of 50,658 in 2011.〔 Historically in Glamorgan, the town is located on the river of the same name, east northeast of Swansea. ==History== Historically, Neath was the crossing place of the River Neath and has existed as a settlement since the Romans established the fort of ''Nido'' or ''Nidum'' in the AD 70s. The Roman fort took its name from the River ''Nedd''; the meaning is obscure but 'shining' or simply 'river' have been suggested. Neath is the Anglicised form. The Antonine Itinerary (c. 2nd century) names only nine places in Roman Wales, one of them being Neath. There is evidence of undated prehistoric settlements on the hills surrounding the town, which were probably Celtic. The fort covered a large area which now lies under the playing fields of Dŵr-y-Felin Comprehensive School.〔(Dwr y Felin School: History Department )〕 In the late 1960s, there were reports in the local media of a massive Roman marching camp being found above Llantwit which would have accommodated many thousands of troops.〔Neath Guardian〕 St Illtyd visited the Neath area and established a settlement in what is now known as Llantwit on the northern edge of the town. The church of St. Illtyd〔(Parish of Neath: St. Illtyd )〕 was built at this settlement and was enlarged in Norman times. The Norman and pre Norman church structure remains intact and active to day within the Church in Wales.〔(Church in Wales )〕 The Welsh language name for Neath is ''Castell-nedd'', referring to the Norman Neath Castle,〔(Neath Castle )〕 which was visited by English Kings Henry II, John Lackland and Edward I. Neath was a market town that expanded with the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century with new manufacturing industries of iron, steel and tinplate. The Mackworth family, who owned the Gnoll Estate〔(Britton Manor )〕 were prominent in the town's industrial development. Coal was mined extensively in the surrounding valleys and the construction of canals and railways made Neath a major transportation centre and the Evans & Bevan families were major players in the local coal mining community as well as owning the Vale of Neath Brewery.〔(Neath Brewery )〕 Silica was mined in the Craig-y-Dinas area of Pontneddfechan, after Quaker entrepreneur William Weston Young invented the blast furnace silica firebrick, later moving brick production from the works at Pontwalby to the Green in Neath. The town continued as a market trading centre with a municipal cattle market run by W.B.Trick. Industrial development continued throughout the 20th century with the construction by BP of a new petroleum refinery at Llandarcy. Admiral Lord Nelson stayed at the Castle Hotel en route to Milford Haven when the fleet was at anchor there. Lt. Lewis Roatley,〔(HMS VICTORY. MAN~OF~WAR 1805 MUSTER LISTS )〕 the son of the landlord of the Castle Hotel, served as a Royal Marines officer with Nelson aboard in the Battle of Trafalgar. The River Neath is a navigable estuary and Neath was a river port until recent times. The heavy industries are no more with the town being a commercial and tourism centre. Attractions for visitors are the ruins of the Cistercian Neath Abbey, the Gnoll Park and Neath Indoor Market.〔(Gnoll Park )〕 Neath hosted the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1918, 1934 and 1994.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eisteddfod Locations )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neath」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|