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Mimnermus : ウィキペディア英語版
Mimnermus

Mimnermus ( ''Mímnermos'') was a Greek elegiac poet from either Colophon or Smyrna in Ionia, who flourished about 630–600 BC. He was strongly influenced by the example of Homer yet he wrote short poems suitable for performance at drinking parties and was remembered by ancient authorities chiefly as a love poet. Mimnermus in turn exerted a strong influence on Hellenistic poets such as Callimachus and thus also on Roman poets such as Propertius, who even preferred him to Homer for his eloquence on love themes (see Comments by other poets below). His work was collected by Alexandrian scholars in just two "books" (relatively few compared for example with the twenty-six books for Stesichorus) and today only small fragments survive. The fragments confirm the ancient estimate of him as a "consummate poet"〔Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb/Harvard University Press (1999), page 6 ISBN 9780674995826〕 but also indicate that he was a "sturdier character" than the indulgent love poet he was assumed to be by various ancient commentators.〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric Poetry'', Bristol Classical Press (1982), page 222〕 Almost no reliable, biographical details have been recorded. One ancient account linked him romantically with a flute girl who subsequently gave her name, Nanno, to one of his two books.
==Life and work ==
The Byzantine encyclopaedia ''Suda'' provides a good example of the biographical uncertainties.
The gap indicates a corruption in the text and the original wording probably testified to two books, though the only source we have for this number was the grammarian Pomponius Porphyrion.〔Porph. on Hor. ''Epist.'' 2.2.101, cited, translated and annotated by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), page 77 note 1〕 The ''Suda''s mention of Astypalaea, an island in the southern Aegean, as a possible candidate for the poet's home town is mere fantasy.〔Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), page 73 note 1〕 Smyrna seems to be the most likely candidate.〔A. Allen, ''The Fragments of Mimnermus: Text and Commentary'', (Stuttgart 1993) page 13 note 17〕 The nickname ''Ligyaistades'' was probably taken by the ''Suda'' from an elegy addressed to Mimnermus by one of the seven sages—the Athenian lawgiver and elegiac poet, Solon (see Comments by other poets). Solon clearly admired the skills of the older poet, whom he addressed as ''Ligyaistades'', yet he objected to his hedonism and singled out this couplet for criticism:
Solon thought he should be willing to live to eighty. Plutarch was another ancient author critical of the poet's self-indulgence, dismissing one poem (see Fragment 1 in Poetic style below) as "the utterances of intemperate people."〔Plutarch ''de virt.mor.'' 6.445f, cited and translated by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), page 81〕 Mimnermus however was not timid in his hedonism, as indicated by a couplet attributed to him in the Palatine Anthology, an exhortation to others to live intemperately: "Enjoy yourself. Some of the harsh citizens will speak ill of you, some better.". However, the same lines have also been attributed to Theognis.〔''Anth.Pal.'' 9.50 = ''Theognis 795–96, cited, translated and annotated by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), pages 86 and 289〕 A robust side to his personality is shown by his versatility as a poet. Archaic elegy was often used for patriotic purposes, to screw courage to the sticking place in times of war and to celebrate national achievements, and there is ample evidence that Mimnermus assumed this role as a poet. A quote recorded by the geographer Strabo represents the earliest surviving account of the Ionian migration, celebrating the settlement of Colophon and Smyrna from Pylos,〔J.P. Barron and P.E. Easterling, "Early Greek Elegy", P. Easterling and B. Knox (ed.s), ''The Cambridge History of Classical Literature:Greek Literature'', Cambridge University Press (1985), page 134〕
〔Strabo 14.1.4 and 14.1.3, cited by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), pages 87–9〕 while another quote, recorded by Stobaeus, describes the heroic exploits of a Greek warrior against the cavalry of the Lydian king, Gyges, early in the 7th century—Mimnermus evidently hoped thereby to strengthen his countrymen's resolve against further Lydian encroachments.〔Stobaeus 3.7.11, cited and annotated by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), pages 95–7〕 The name "Mimnermus" might have been chosen by his parents to commemorate a famous Smyrnean victory against Gyges near the Hermus river (and yet names ending in -''ermus'' were quite common in Ionia).〔Martin Litchfield West, ''Studies in Greek Elegy and Iambus'', Walter de Gruyter and Co. (1974), page 73〕 He was alive when Smyrna was besieged for the final time by the Lydians under Alyattes II and possibly he died with the town.〔Stobaeus 3.7.11, cited by David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric Poetry'', Bristol Classical Press (1982), pages 222–23〕 The disappearance of Smyrna for the next three hundred years might be the reason why Colophon was able to claim the poet as one of its own, yet Smyrna's own claim persisted and this suggests that its claim had the advantage of being true.〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric Poetry'', Bristol Classical Press (1982), pages 222〕
Smyrna lay near Mount Sipylos, one of whose rocky outcrops was traditionally imagined to be the tragic figure Niobe. Like other archaic poets, Mimnermus adapted myths to his own artistic needs and Aelian recorded that he attributed twenty children to Niobe, unlike Homer, for example, who attributed twelve to her.〔Aelian ''V.H.'' 12.36, cited and annotated by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), page 99〕 According to Sallustius, Mimnermus was just as creative in his poetical account of Ismene, representing her as being killed by Tydeus at the command of the goddess, Athena, in the very act of making love to Theoclymenus〔Sallustius' preface to Sophocles, ''Antigone'', cited by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), page 99〕—an original account that was soon accepted by an international audience, being represented on an early Corinthian amphora〔J.P.Barron and P.E.Easterling, "Early Greek Elegy", P.Easterling and B.Knox (ed.s), ''The Cambridge History of Classical Literature:Greek Literature'', Cambridge University Press (1985), page 136〕 (pictured below). Imaginative accounts of the sun, voyaging at night from west to east in a golden bed, and of Jason the Argonaut voyaging to "Aeetes' city, where the rays of the swift Sun lie in a golden storeroom at the edge of Oceanus", survive in brief quotes by ancient authors.〔Athenaeus 11.470a, and Strabo 1.2.40, cited by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), page 91–3〕 According to Strabo, Smyrna was named after an Amazon and, according to a manuscript on proverbs, Mimnermus once composed on the theme of the proverb "A lame man makes the best lover", illustrating the Amazonian practice of maiming their men.〔Manuscript on proverbs, cited and annotated by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb (1999), page 101–3〕

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