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Lydia (Assyrian: ''Luddu''; (ギリシア語:Λυδία), (トルコ語:Lidya)) was an Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak, Manisa and inland İzmir. Its population spoke an Anatolian language known as Lydian. At its greatest extent, the Kingdom of Lydia covered all of western Anatolia. Lydia (known as ''Sparda'' by the Achaemenids) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, with Sardis〔Rhodes, P.J. ''A History of the Classical Greek World 478-323 BC''. 2nd edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, p. 6.〕 as its capital. Tabalus, appointed by Cyrus the Great, was the first satrap (governor). (See: Lydia (satrapy).) Lydia was later the name of a Roman province. Coins are said to have been invented in Lydia〔"Lydia" in ''Oxford Dictionary of English''. Oxford University Press, 2010. Oxford Reference Online. 14 October 2011.〕 around the 7th century BC. == Defining Lydia == The endonym ''Śfard'' (the name the Lydians called themselves) survives in bilingual and trilingual stone-carved notices of the Achaemenid Empire: the satrapy of ''Sparda'' (Old Persian), Aramaic ''Saparda'', Babylonian ''Sapardu'', Elamitic ''Išbarda'', Hebrew ''סְפָרַד''. These in the Greek tradition are associated with Sardis, the capital city of King Gyges, constructed during the 7th century BC. The cultural ancestors appear to have been associated with or part of the Luwian political entity of Arzawa; yet the Lydian language is not part of the Luwian subgroup (as are Carian and Lycian). An Etruscan/Lydian association has long been a subject of conjecture. The Greek historian Herodotus stated that the Etruscans came from Lydia, repeated in Virgil's epic poem the ''Aeneid'', and Etruscan-like language was found on the Lemnos stele from the Aegean Sea island of Lemnos. However, recent decipherment of Lydian and its classification as an Anatolian language mean that Etruscan and Lydian were not even part of the same language family. Nevertheless, a recent genetic study of likely Etruscan descendants in Tuscany found strong similarities with individuals in western Anatolia.〔http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070616191637.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lydia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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