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Medusandra
''Medusandra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae.〔"Peridiscaceae" At: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see external links below)〕 It has two species, ''Medusandra richardsiana'' and ''Medusandra mpomiana''.〔"Medusandra" At: International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).〕 ''M. richardsiana'' is the most common and well known. Both species are native to Cameroon and adjacent countries.〔Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007).〕
''Medusandra'' was named by John Brenan in 1952.〔John P.M. Brenan. 1952. "Plants of the Cambridge Expedition, 1947-1948: II. A new order of flowering plants from the British Cameroons". ''Kew Bulletin'' 7:227-236.〕 Brenan put ''Medusandra'' in its own family, Medusandraceae, and added ''Soyauxia'' to that family in 1953.〔John P.M. Brenan. 1953. "''Soyauxia'', a second genus of Medusandraceae". ''Kew Bulletin'' 8:507-511.〕 Most authors, however, maintained Medusandraceae as a monogeneric family and put ''Soyauxia'' elsewhere.〔John Hutchinson. ''The Families of Flowering Plants, Third Edition (1973)''. Oxford University Press: London.〕〔Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants''. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA.〕 A detailed description of ''Medusandra'' was published by John Hutchinson in 1973.〔
When the APG II system was published by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in 2003, ''Medusandra'' and ''Soyauxia'' were listed in an appendix as "taxa of uncertain position".〔The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4):399-436. (see ''External links'' below).〕 The first molecular phylogenetic study to include ''Medusandra'' appeared in 2009.〔Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life." ''American Journal of Botany'' 96(8):1551-1570.〕 It showed that ''Medusandra'' is sister to a clade consisting of ''Soyauxia'', ''Peridiscus'', and by implication, ''Whittonia''. These three genera are in Peridiscaceae,〔Clemens Bayer. 2007. "Peridiscaceae" pages 297-300. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany.〕 and the authors, Kenneth Wurdack and Charles Davis, recommended that ''Medusandra'' be added to Peridiscaceae. When the APG III system was published in October 2009, Peridiscaceae was expanded to include ''Medusandra'' and ''Soyauxia''.〔Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2009. "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 161(2):105-121. (see ''External links'' below).〕
==References==
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