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Medicago
''Medicago'' is a genus of flowering plants, commonly known as medick or burclover, in the legume family. It contains at least 87 species and is distributed mainly around the Mediterranean basin. The best-known member of the genus is alfalfa (''M. sativa''), an important forage crop,〔(Alfalfa Crop Germplasm Committee Report, 2000 )〕 and the genus name is based on the Latin name for that plant, ''medica'', from (ギリシア語:μηδική (πόα)) median (grass).〔''New Oxford American Dictionary'' (2nd ed., 2005), p. 1054, s.v. ''medick''.〕 Most members of the genus are low, creeping herbs, resembling clover, but with burs (hence the common name). However, alfalfa grows to a height of 1 meter, and tree medick (''M. arborea'') is a shrub. Members of the genus are known to produce bioactive compounds such as medicarpin (a flavonoid) and medicagenic acid (a triterpenoid saponin).〔 Chromosome numbers in ''Medicago'' range from 2''n'' = 14 to 48.
The species ''Medicago truncatula'' is a model legume〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 21 November 2008 )〕 due to its relatively small stature, small genome (450–500 Mbp), short generation time (about 3 months), and ability to reproduce both by outcrossing and selfing.
Comprehensive descriptions of the genus are Lesinš and Lesinš 1979 and Small and Jomphe 1989. Major collections are SARDI (Australia),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 21 November 2008 )〕 USDA-GRIN (USA),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 21 November 2008 )〕 ICARDA (Syria),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 21 November 2008 )〕 and INRA (France).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 21 November 2008 )〕
==Evolution==
''Medicago'' diverged from ''Glycine'' (soybean) about 53–55 million years ago (in the early Eocene), from ''Lotus'' (deervetch) 49–51 million years ago (also in the Eocene),〔 and from ''Trigonella'' 10–22 million years ago (in the Miocene).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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