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Marmaray
Marmaray () is a partially operational rail transportation project in the Turkish city of Istanbul. It comprises an undersea rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait, and the modernization of existing suburban railway lines along the Sea of Marmara from Halkalı on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. The procurement of new rolling stock for suburban passenger traffic is also part of the project.〔(Rails under the Bosporus ), ''Railway Gazette International'' 2009-02-23〕 Construction started in 2004, with an initial target opening date of April 2009.〔 After multiple delays caused by the discovery of historical and archaeological finds, the first phase of the project opened on 29 October 2013.〔 It is the first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia.〔Keith Fender, ("Standard gauge rail connection from Asia to Europe opens in Turkey" ), ''Trains'' (October 29, 2013).〕 The second phase of the project was scheduled to open in 2015, but the work has been stopped and it is unknown when it will be finished.〔Uysal, Onur. ("Is Marmaray Project Behind the Schedule?" ), ''Rail Turkey'', 6 November 2014〕〔Uysal, Onur. ("Completely False Facts About Marmaray" ), ''Rail Turkey'', 20 May 2013〕
The name ''Marmaray'' comes from combining the name of the Sea of Marmara, which lies just south of the project site, with ''ray'', the Turkish word for ''rail''. The Turkish press has compared it to the Silk Road.
==Project==
The project includes a crossing of the Bosphorus and the upgrade of of suburban rail lines to create a high-capacity passenger line between Gebze and Halkalı, along with the provision of 440 electric multiple unit cars.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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