|
The Maestrazgo () or Maestrat () is a natural and historical mountainous region, located at the eastern end of the Iberian System mountain range, in Spain. It encompasses the north of the Autonomous Community of Valencia, in Castellón province, and parts of the east of the Aragonese province of Teruel. The area is mountainous and sparsely populated with a rich mixture of flora and fauna. The district was under control of military orders following the 12th-century Christian reconquest of the area from the Moors. It also had a significant role in the 19th century Carlist Wars and the 20th century Spanish Civil War. After many years of decline the area is undergoing some re-vitalization, helped by funding from the European Union and tourism. ==History== The earliest signs of human habitation date back to the Pleistocene era, 25,000 years ago. Cave paintings have been discovered in many locations and they have been designated by UNESCO as part of the Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula World Heritage Site.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula ) 〕 Occupation by the Ilercavones, a tribe of Iberians, Romans and the Moors followed, but the identity of the region was first established following the Reconquista when the area was dominated by military orders. Local stories persist that a group of Cathars, led by the perfectus Guillaume Bélibaste escaped from Carcassonne and took refuge in the Maestrazgo, living with a small community near Morella for about ten years, before being betrayed by a spy in the service of the Inquisition. Bélibaste was taken to Carcassonne and burnt at the stake there.〔Webster, 198-202〕 The name Maestrazgo is derived from the word ''maestre'' (English meaning - master) as these territories were historically under the jurisdiction of the Grand Masters of the military orders of the Knights Templar, St John of Malta and Montesa.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Mancomunidad Turística del Maestrazgo ) 〕 In 1838, during the Carlist Wars, the military district of ''la Comandancia General del Maestrazgo'' was created by Ramón Cabrera.〔 During the Spanish Civil War the area was intensively fought over, especially after the fall of Teruel. Republican guerillas of the ''Agrupación guerrillera de Levante y Aragón'' held out in the mountains of the Maestrazgo until the 1950s.〔Webster, 162-164〕〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maestrazgo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|