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Macrinus : ウィキペディア英語版
Macrinus

Macrinus ((ラテン語:Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus);〔In Classical Latin, Macrinus' name would be inscribed as MARCVS OPELLIVS SEVERVS MACRINVS AVGVSTVS.〕 – June 218), was Roman Emperor from 217 to 218. Macrinus' origin was Mauretanian,〔"Macrinus, by
race a Moor, from Caesarea... one of his ears had been bored in
accordance with the custom followed by most of the Moors", Cassius Dio, ''Dio's Rome (bk 79)'', Kessinger Publishing, 2004, v.6, p.21〕 probably of mixed extraction with Punic or Punicized elements.〔Andrew G. Scott, ''Change and Discontinuity Within the Severan Dynasty: The Case of Macrinus'', ProQuest, 2008, ISBN
9780549890416, p. 53
〕 As a member of the equestrian class he became the first emperor who did not hail from the senatorial class.
Macrinus was overthrown and executed in 218.
==Background and career==
Born in Caesarea Mauretaniae (modern Cherchell, Algeria) in the Roman province of Mauretania to an equestrian family, Macrinus received an education which allowed him to ascend to the Roman political class. Over the years he earned a reputation as a skilled lawyer, and under the emperor Septimius Severus he became an important bureaucrat. Severus' successor Caracalla appointed him prefect of the Praetorian Guard.
While Macrinus probably enjoyed the trust of Caracalla, this may have changed when, according to tradition, it was prophesied that he would depose and succeed the Emperor, and rumors spread regarding his alleged desire to take the throne for himself. Given Caracalla's tendency toward murdering political opponents, Macrinus probably feared for his own safety should the Emperor become aware of this prophecy. According to Dio Cassius, Caracalla had already taken the step of reassigning members of Macrinus' staff.
In the spring of 217, Caracalla was in the eastern provinces preparing a campaign against the Parthian Empire. Macrinus was among his staff, as were other members of the Praetorian Guard. In April, the Emperor went to visit a temple of Luna near the spot of the battle of Carrhae, accompanied only by his personal bodyguard, which included Macrinus. Events are not clear, but it is certain that Caracalla was murdered at some point on the trip (perhaps on April 8).
Caracalla's body was brought back from the temple by his bodyguards, along with the corpse of a fellow bodyguard. The story as told by Macrinus was that the dead guard had killed Caracalla. By April 11, Macrinus had proclaimed himself emperor, and also nominated his son Diadumenianus ''Caesar'' and successor; he conferred upon him the name "Antoninus", thus connecting him with the relatively stable reigns of the Antonine emperors in the 2nd century.

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