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Cherchell (older Cherchel, (アラビア語:شرشال)) is a seaport town in the Province of Tipaza, Algeria, 55 miles west of Algiers. It is the district seat of Cherchell District. In 1998 it had a population of 24,400. == Ancient history == (詳細はCarthage settled at Cherchell in the 4th century BC and named the it Iol or Jol. The town became a part of the kingdom of Numidia and later the Roman client kingdom of Mauretania. In the time of Augustus, the romanized monarchs Juba and Cleopatra renamed the city Caesarea or Caesarea of Mauretania, in honor of the emperor, and rebuilt the town in a rich mixture of ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman architectural styles, a prominent building being the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. In 44, after a four-year revolt, the capital was captured and Roman Emperor Claudius divided the Mauretanian kingdom into two Roman provinces. The province of which Caesarea became the capital was called Mauretania Caesariensis. The city itself was settled with Roman soldiers and was given the rank of a ''colonia'', and so was also called Colonia Claudia Caesarea. In later centuries, the Roman population expanded, as did the Berber population, resulting in a mixed Greco-Phoenician, Berber, and Roman population. During this heyday, the city had its own school of philosophy, academy, and library, and was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Macrinus and Greek grammarian Priscian. A growing Christian population issued saint Marciana, and named bishops between about 314 and 484. In the 5th century, the city remained an extremely loyalist power for the Roman Empire. It held considerable control of international trade, although the city had been in a state of stagnation for over a hundred years and had even lost population (like most cities in the Roman Empire). In the waning days of the Empire a Vandal army and fleet took hold of the city and fortified older buildings. A vibrant Romanized Germanic community saw an expansion the population, and the Vandal merchant fleet provided economic fortunes. The city was captured, with the rest of the Vandal Kingdom of Africa, by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. The Emperor kept the walls strong, but restored the Vandal citadels into Roman civil buildings and returned the city to a traditional post of Byzantine civilization, suppressing the Germanic aristocracy. Without the military abilities of the Vandal nobility and classes of Vandal freeholder framers and urban dwellers, by the 8th century, the city and surrounding area lacked a competent defense. The Byzantine elite turned from this stratified system to an increaseduse of Berber workers. Berbers were allowed to settle in return for cheap labor. Over a period of fifteen years, successive waves of Arab armies into Byzantine North African territory. They lay siege to the city. Despite being resupplied by Byzantine fleets, the population accepted Islamic supremacy in return for protected status. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cherchell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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