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The Mackintosh or raincoat (abbreviated as mac or mack) is a form of waterproof raincoat, first sold in 1824, made out of rubberised fabric. The Mackintosh is named after its Scottish inventor Charles Macintosh, though many writers add a letter ''k'' (this variant spelling "Mackintosh" is now standard 〔Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 6th ed. (2007), p. 1668〕). Although the Mackintosh style of coat has become generic, a genuine Mackintosh coat should be made from rubberised or rubber laminated material. ==History== It has been claimed that the fabric was invented by the surgeon James Syme but then copied and patented by Charles Macintosh;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Whonamedit - James Syme )〕 however this reference cites no supporting evidence. An exhaustive history of the invention of the mackintosh was published by Schurer in 1952.〔"The Macintosh: The Paternity of an Invention." Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 28(1), pp. 77–87 ()〕 The essence of Macintosh's process was the sandwiching of an impermeable layer of a solution of rubber in naphtha (derived from tar) between two layers of fabric. Syme did not propose the sandwich idea. Merely to waterproof garments with rubber was an old idea, and was practised in pre-Columbian times by Aztecs, who impregnated fabric with latex. Later, French scientists made balloons gas-tight (and incidentally, impermeable) by impregnating fabric with rubber dissolved in turpentine; however, this solvent was not satisfactory for making wearing apparel. In 1830 Macintosh's company merged with the clothing company of Thomas Hancock in Manchester. Hancock had also been experimenting with rubber coated fabrics since 1819. Production of rubberised coats soon spread all over the UK. Every kind of coat was produced with rubberized material including riding coats and coats supplied to the British army, British railways and UK police forces. Early coats had problems with smell, stiffness, and a tendency to melt in hot weather, but Hancock further improved their waterproof fabrics, patenting a method for vulcanising rubber in 1843 which solved many of the problems.〔()〕 Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the company continued to make waterproof clothing. In 1925 the company was taken over by Dunlop Rubber.〔() 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mackintosh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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