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Ludhiana is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab, and is the largest city north of New Delhi. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,693,653 2011 Census. The population increases substantially during the harvesting season due to the migration of labourers from the eastern states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha and Delhi. It has an area of about . The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, south of its present course. It is a major industrial centre of northern India, and was referred to as India's Manchester by the BBC.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=India's Manchester )〕 Ludhiana is located west of the state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1, which runs from the Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar. The city is also well connected to New Delhi by frequent train service and by air. ==Geography== Ludhiana is located at .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Ludhiana )〕 It has an average elevation of 244 metres (798 ft). Ludhiana City, to its residents, consists of the Old City and the New City (or the residential and official quarters of the Colonial British encampment, traditionally known as Civil Lines; this is as opposed to the Army Lines, which are no longer extant as the British Cantonment was abandoned in 1845). The land dips steeply to the north and the west where, before 1785, the river Sutlej ran. The Old Fort was at the banks of the Sutlej (and now houses the College of Textile Engineering). Legend has it that an underground tunnel connects it to the Fort in Phillaur – although why this should be is debatable, as the Sutlej was the traditional dividing line between the principalities, often occupied by enemy forces (see History section). The ground is of yellow sandstone and granite, forming small hillocks, plateaus and dips. The tree of largest natural extraction was the kikar, or Acacia indica, but has been supplanted by the eucalyptus, transplanted from rural Australia in the late 1980 by the government of Chief Minister Pratap Singh Kairon. Gulmohars and jacarandas were planted by the British along the avenues of Civil Lines, as were other flowering trees, while the Old City contains almost no vegetation or parks, except for a few isolated pipal trees, holy to the Hindus, as it is supposed to be the abode of Lord Shiva. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ludhiana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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