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Kulliyye
Külliyye is an Ottoman term that refers to the building complexes that provides social services to the region it was located. It consists of complex of buildings centered round a mosque. These building serve various purposes and provide different services; some are used as kitchens, cafeteria, schools, baths etc. (Goodwin, 2008). Whereas the separate buildings that surround the mosque serve various purposes, they are considered as an architectural whole. Thus, a külliyye would either consist of hospitals, law schools, preparatory college, kitchen and medical school etc. in one compound and all of them centered round a mosque would be viewed as an architectural whole (Goodwin, 2008).
==History==
The külliyye concept is based on the earliest form of the mosque. The mosque was not only used as a house of praying but also as a place for eating, teaching and as a hostel for the poor. The structure of the külliyye derived from such concept. Instead of using one mosque for various services, other buildings were built to center on the mosque that provided the specific services. The services expanded and "were incorporated under one foundation document, and each housed it own building within an enclosure" (Goodwin, 2008). This included the foundation of hospitals, law schools, preparatory college and a medical school among other services.
The majority of külliyye were constructed and designed by architect Sinan.〔H. G. Agkun, 2008〕 He was the master architect of the Ottoman Empire for fifty years in the sixteenth century. As master architect, he was responsible for all planning and constructional works in the empire. Sinan built most of the külliyye in Istanbul. The külliyye built by Sinan set the pattern for other külliyye architects. Most külliyye followed these patterns: they were "located at the important points of the city" and the structure emphasize the religious center of the mosque. In addition, they were either "built on hills and sloped lands, coasts or peripheries of the city".〔 The reason for this is that külliyye helped create the silhouette and landscape of the city. The külliyye were easily recognizable in that form and one is able to marvel at them from afar.
According to Ottoman Empire law, the lands and the state belonged to the Sultans.〔 As a result of this, külliyye are usually built for either the Sultan, one of the family members of the Ottoman Sultans or for the high state administrative officials such as the vizier or grand vizier. These aristocrats became the employers of architect Sinan and many others architects. As employers, they had a choice in choosing the location of the külliyye and had an input in its design; thus, they had an influence on the construction of the külliyye.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Kulliyye」の詳細全文を読む
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