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Koeri
The Koeri (or Koiry) are an Indian caste, found largely in Bihar, whose traditional occupation was as cultivators. They were described in 1896 by Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya as "differ() in nothing" from the agricultural Kurmi caste, other than the Kurmi produce agricultural staples, while the Koeri specialise in kitchen gardening." An official report of 1941 admired them as being the "most advanced" cultivators in Bihar and said that "Simple in habits, thrifty to a degree and a master in the art of market-gardening, the Koeri is amongst the best of the tillers of the soil to be found anywhere in India."
==Economy==
In the vicinity of the large towns in Northern India, during the time when Bhattacharya was writing, the Koeris raised the fruits and kitchen vegetables required for local consumption. They took part also in rearing tobacco, opium, and other agricultural stuffs requiring more care and skill than the staple crops. They never served in a menial capacity.〔
The community was at the heart of the Indian opium trade, which had its main base in Bihar and for many years was regulated and exploited by the British East India Company via an agency in Patna. Carl Trocki believes that "Opium cultivators were not free agents" and describes the coercion and financial arrangements that were involved in order to achieve production, which included restricting land to that product even when grain was needed due to famine. Although profitable to the Company, it was often not so for the peasant producer, and
Other groups involved in opium production had to hire labour but the Koeris cut costs by utilising that available within their own family.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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