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Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, non-commensality and hereditary occupations. According to Human Rights Watch and UNICEF, caste discrimination affects an estimated 250 million people worldwide.〔(''Global Caste Discrimination'' ) Human Rights Watch〕〔(Discrimination ), UNICEF〕 A paradigmatic, ethnographic example is the division of Indian society into social groups.〔 Historically, the caste system in India has consisted of thousands of endogamous groups called Jatis or Quoms and Biradaris (among Muslims). The Nepalese caste system resembles the Indian Jāti system with numerous Jāti divisions with the theoretical Varna system superimposed for a rough equivalence. Religious, historical and sociocultural factors have also helped define the bounds of endogamy for Muslims in India and Pakistan. The caste system in Sri Lanka is a division of society into strata, similar to the Jāti system found in India. Yezidi society is hierarchical. In Yemen there exists a hereditary caste, the African-descended Al-Akhdam who are kept as perennial manual workers. Various sociologists have reported caste systems in Africa.〔 ==Etymology== The English word "caste" derives from the Spanish and Portuguese ''casta'', which the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' quotes John Minsheu's Spanish dictionary (1599) to mean, "race, lineage, or breed".〔(【引用サイトリンク】year = 1989 )〕 When the Spanish colonized the New World, they used the word to mean a "clan or lineage." However, it was the Portuguese who employed ''casta'' in the primary modern sense when they applied it to the thousands of in-marrying hereditary Indian social groups they encountered upon their arrival in India in 1498.〔 The use of the spelling "caste," with this latter meaning, is first attested to in English in 1613.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「caste」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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