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The Karachay-Balkars or Alans〔The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS): ИЭА РАН. Series "Народы и культуры" - "Карачаевцы. Балкарцы.". 2014, М.: "Наука", 2014, - pages 815., ISBN 978-5-02-038043-1, chapter 2, page 35"〕〔Ėmma Shirii︠a︡zdanovna Geni︠u︡shene, Zlatka Guentchéva, Reciprocal Constructions, Vol. 3, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007, s. 971〕 (〔"The most important fact of Karachay ethnographic tradition is that even today Karachays use the word "alan" to refer to each other. In fact, we have an ancient endonym of Karachay-Balkars." (S.H. Hotko. Essays on the history and culture of Karachay. pages 12-13 - Maikop: JSC "Polygraph Yug", 2011.- 448 pp. With illustrations. ISBN 978'5'7992'0655'0.)〕〔Ėmma Shirii︠a︡zdanovna Geni︠u︡shene, Zlatka Guentchéva, Reciprocal Constructions, Vol. 3, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007, s. 971〕〔The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS): ИЭА РАН. Series "Народы и культуры" - "Карачаевцы. Балкарцы.". 2014, М.: "Наука", 2014, - pages 815., ISBN 978-5-02-038043-1, chapter 2, page 35"〕〔Volkova N.G., Этнонимы и племенные названия Северного Кавказа. — М.: Наука, 1973. — С. 94, 98.〕〔Bekaldiev M.D., История Кабардино-Балкарии. — Нальчик: Эльбрус, 2003. — С. 382. — ISBN 5-7680-1714-3.〕〔Alekseeva E.P. Карачаевцы и балкарцы – древний народ Кавказа. — Черкесск, 1963. — С. 15.〕〔Karachay-Balkar-Russian dictionary / E.R. Tenishev, H.I. Suyunchev. — М., 1989. — p. 48.〕〔Turkic peoples of Central Caucasus icluded Balkars and Karachays. In its origin, language, spiritual culture of the material these people are so close that their ethnogenesis considered separately does not make sense... Sources say directly that Balkars and Karachay - the last (and first) media ethnonyms Alans and Ases ("Yases" - in Russian sources). (Y.A. Fedorov, «Историческая этнография Северного Кавказа»)〕) are a Turkic-speaking people of the North Caucasus, mostly situated in the Russian in North Caucasus. Karachays and Balkars constitute together the one nation the Karachay-Balkars and they are direct descendants of the Turkic-speaking Alans.〔 On the territory of the Karachay was the capital of Alania (Lower-Arkhyz settlement).〔The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS): ИЭА РАН. Series "Народы и культуры" - "Карачаевцы. Балкарцы.". 2014, М.: "Наука", 2014, - pages 815., ISBN 978-5-02-038043-1, chapter 2, page 33"〕 ==History== The Karachay-Balkars are a Turkic people descended from the Turkic-speaking Alans,〔 and share their language with the other Turkic tribes. In Turkic, "Karachay" means "Black River". The state of Alania was established in the Middle Ages and had its capital in Maas, which some authors locate in Arkhyz, the mountains currently inhabited by the Karachay. In the 14th century, Alania was destroyed by Timur and the decimated population dispersed into the mountains. Timur's incursion into the North Caucasus introduced the local nations to Islam. In 1828 the Russian army invaded the Caucasus region, including Karachay-Balkaria. On October 20, 1828 the Battle of Hasaukinskoe took place, a battle in which the Russian emperor's troops, under the command of General Emanuel killed or injured 163 people. The day after the battle, as Russian troops were approaching Dzhurtu, the Alan (Karachay-Balkar) elders met with the Russian leaders. In order to prevent the massacre of Alan villages, an agreement was reached for the inclusion of the Alans into the Russian Empire. After this annexation, the internal self-government of Karachay was left intact, including its officials and courts. Interactions with neighboring Muslim peoples continued to take place based on both folk customs and Sharia law. Soldiers were taken from Alans Amanat, pledged and oath of loyalty, and were assigned arms. From 1831 to 1860, the Alans (Karachay-Balkar) joined the bloody anti-Russian struggles carried out by the Caucasian peoples. Between 1861 and 1880, to escape reprisals by the Russian army, large numbers of Karachays migrated to Turkey. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karachay-Balkars」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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