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Kagura
Kagura (神楽, かぐら, "god-entertainment") is a Japanese word referring to a specific type of Shinto theatrical dance—with roots arguably predating those of Noh. Once strictly a ceremonial art derived from ''kami'gakari'' (神懸, かみがかり, "oracular divination") and ''chinkon'' (鎮魂, ちんこん, "spirit pacification"), Kagura has evolved in many directions over the span of more than a millennium. Today it is very much a living tradition, with rituals tied to the rhythms of the agricultural calendar, as well as vibrant Kabuki-esque theatre, thriving primarily in parts of Shimane prefecture, and urban centers such as Hiroshima.〔Petersen, David. (2007). Invitation to Kagura: Hidden Gem of the Traditional Japanese Performing Arts. Morrisville: Lulu Press.〕
==History==
The epics ''Kojiki'' and ''Nihonshoki'' describe a folklore origin for the dances. In these texts, there is a famous legendary tale about the sun goddess Amaterasu, who retreated into a cave, bringing darkness and cold to the world. Ame-no-Uzume, ''kami''/goddess of the dawn and of revelry, led the other gods in a wild dance, and persuaded Amaterasu to emerge to see what the ruckus was all about.〔''Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697'', translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by William George Aston. Book I, part 1, page 44f. Tuttle Publishing. Tra edition (July 2005). First edition published 1972. ISBN 978-0-8048-3674-6〕 ''Kagura'' is one of a number of rituals and arts said to derive from this event.
Originally called ''kamukura'' or ''kamikura'' (神座), ''kagura'' began as sacred dances performed at the Imperial court by shrine maidens (''miko'') who were supposedly descendants of Ame-no-Uzume. Over time, however, these ''mikagura'' (御神楽), performed within the sacred and private precincts of the Imperial courts, inspired popular ritual dances, called ''satokagura'' (里神楽), which, being popular forms, practiced in villages all around the country, were adapted into various other folk traditions and developed into a number of different forms. Among these are ''miko kagura'', ''shishi kagura'', and Ise-style and Izumo-style ''kagura'' dances. Many more variations have developed over the centuries, including some which are fairly new, and most of which have become highly secularized folk traditions.
''Kagura'', in particular those forms that involve storytelling or reenactment of fables, is also one of the primary influences on the Noh theatre.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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