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Iona ((スコットランド・ゲール語:Ì Chaluim Chille)) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland. It was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for four centuries and is today renowned for its tranquility and natural beauty. It is a popular tourist destination and a place for retreats. Its modern Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised "Icolmkill"). ==Etymology== The Hebrides have been occupied by the speakers of several languages since the Iron Age, and as a result many of the names of these islands have more than one possible meaning.〔Haswell-Smith (2004) p. xiii〕 Nonetheless few, if any, can have accumulated so many different names over the centuries as the island now known in English as "Iona". The earliest forms of the name enabled place-name scholar William J. Watson to show that the name originally meant something like "yew-place".〔Watson, ''Celtic Place-Names'', pp. 87–90〕 The element ''Ivo-'', denoting "yew", occurs in Ogham inscriptions (''Iva-cattos'' (), ''Iva-geni'' ()) and in Gaulish names (''Ivo-rix'', ''Ivo-magus'') and may form the basis of early Gaelic names like ''Eogan'' (ogham: ''Ivo-genos'').〔Watson, ''Celtic Place-Names'', pp. 87–88. The name of the Gaulish god ''Ivavos'' is of similar origin, associated with the healing-well of Evaux in France.〕 It is possible that the name is related to the mythological figure, ''Fer hÍ mac Eogabail'', foster-son of Manannan, the forename meaning "man of the yew".〔Watson, ''Celtic Place-Names'', pp. 88–89〕 Mac an Tàilleir (2003) lists the more recent Gaelic names of ''Ì'',〔For etymology of Ì and Latinised derivative ''Iona'', see Watson (2004), pp. 87–90.〕 ''Ì Chaluim Chille'' and ''Eilean Idhe'' noting that the first named is "generally lengthened to avoid confusion" to the second, which means "Calum's (i.e. in latinised form "Columba's") Iona" or "island of Calum's monastery".〔Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 67.〕〔Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 80.〕 The possible confusion results from "ì", despite its original etymology, becoming a Gaelic noun (now obsolete) meaning simply "island".〔Dwelly (1911)〕 ''Eilean Idhe'' means "the isle of Iona", also known as ''Ì nam ban bòidheach'' ("the isle of beautiful women"). The modern English name comes from an 18th-century misreading of yet another variant, ''Ioua'',〔〔 which was either just Adomnán's attempt to make the Gaelic name fit Latin grammar or else a genuine derivative from ''Ivova'' ("yew place").〔Watson, ''Celtic Place-Names'', p. 88〕 ''Iouas change to ''Iona'' results from a transcription mistake resulting from the similarity of "n" and "u" in Insular Minuscule.〔Fraser (2009) p. 71. This same error turned the historical British churchman Uinniau into Uinnian (Irish: Finnian) and then eventually into the fictional Anglo-Norman saint "Ninian", and also turned ''Mons Graupius'' into the Grampians.〕 Despite the continuity of forms in Gaelic between the pre-Norse and post-Norse eras, Haswell-Smith (2004) speculates that the name may have a Norse connection, ''Hiōe'' meaning "island of the den of the brown bear",〔 "island of the den of the fox", or just "island of the cave".〔("i hi" ). ''Bokmålsordboka''. Retrieved 27 May 2011.〕 The medieval English language version was "Icolmkill" (and variants thereof).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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