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Hephaistia
Hephaistia (Greek: ) is an archeological site on the northern shore of Lemnos, Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hephaistia )〕 It was named in the honor of Hephaistos, Greek god of metallurgy, whose cult was maintained on the island. It was once the capital of the island (8th to 6th centuries BC), of which only the ruins remained.
The Greek amphitheater dates from between the late 5th and early 4th century BC. It underwent reconstruction from 2000 to 2004, and in 2010 the first theater play (Sophocles' ''Oedipus the King'') was played after 2500 years. The theatre has capacity of 200 people in the main area, and additional 1000 outside.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BF5660 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ancient theatre on Limnos opens after 2,500 years )〕
==Discovery==
In August and September 1926, members of the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens conducted trial excavations on the island.〔A short account of their excavations appeared in the ''Messager d'Athènes'' for January 3, 1927.〕 The overall purpose of the excavations was to shed light on the island's "Etrusco-Pelasgian" civilization. The excavations were conducted on the site of the city of Hephaistia (i.e. Palaiopolis) where the Pelasgians, according to Herodotus, surrendered to Miltiades of Athens. There, a necropolis (c. 9th–8th centuries BC) was discovered, revealing bronze objects, pots, and over 130 ossuaries. The ossuaries contained distinctly male and female funeral ornaments. Male ossuaries contained knives and axes whereas female ossuaries contained earrings, bronze pins, necklaces, gold-diadems, and bracelets. The decorations on some of the gold objects contained spirals of Mycenaean origin, but had no Geometric forms. According to their ornamentation, the pots discovered at the site were from the Geometric period. However, the pots also preserved spirals indicative of Mycenaean art. The results of the excavations indicate that the Early Iron Age inhabitants of Lemnos could be a remnant of a Mycenaean population and, in addition, the earliest attested refer to Lemnos is the Mycenaean Greek ''ra-mi-ni-ja'', "Lemnian woman", written in Linear B syllabic script.〔(Palaeolexicon ), Word study tool of ancient languages〕
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