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The Hashid is the second or third largest - after Bakil (Bakkil) and, depending on sources, Madhaj〔("Yemen's tribal confederations" ), The National ''by Hugh Naylor'', 27 February 2012 〕〔("Houthi armed groups challenge Yemen power structure" ), Al-Monitor, 30 April 2014.〕 - yet generally recognized as the strongest and most influential tribal confederation in Yemen.〔〔(Popular Protest in North African and the Middle East(II): Yemen Between Reform and Revolution )〕 According to medieval Yemeni genealogies, Hashid and Bakil were the sons of Jashim bin Jubran bin Nawf Bin Tuba'a bin Zayd bin Amr bin Hamdan. Member tribes of the Hashid Confederation are found primarily in the mountains in the North and Northwest of the country.〔Paul Dresch, A History of Modern Yemen (Cambridge University Press, 2000)〕 In recent times, Hashid confederation had for decades been led by the powerful Al-Ahmar clan. The clan's influence was built on an alliance with the former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who relied on a coalition with the most prominent leader of the Hashid tribal confederation, Sheikh Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar, to take power in 1978.〔 Until his death on 29 December 2007, Sheikh Abdullah served as the Speaker of Parliament and was considered Yemen's second most powerful person after President Saleh (who, along with many others in the government, also is a member of a Hashid tribe).〔("Mourning begins for Yemen speaker" ), BBC News, 29 December 2007.〕 After Sheikh Abdullah's death, his son Sadiq inherited the leadership of the confederation, with other sons - Hamid Al Ahmar, a prominent businessman and Yemeni opposition leader in the Muslim Brotherhood, and Himyar Al Ahmar, the former deputy speaker of parliament - becoming influential members.〔〔 With the beginning of the Arab Spring, this new tribal leadership sided with the protesters and launched a Hashid insurgency, which played an essential role in the revolution against President Ali Abdullah Saleh in May 2011, culminating in the Battle of Sana'a and mass protests that eventually forced President Saleh to step down in February 2012 after 33 years in power.〔("Al-Ahmar clan loses leadership of Hashid in ceasefire deal with Huthis" ), Middle East Online, 4 February 2014.〕 However, the resulting rift between the al-Ahmar clan and Saleh - who retained loyalty of some Hashid tribes - led to the divisions within the Hashid confederation. This, along with the suspension of financial support by Saudi Arabia over al-Ahmar's continued alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood, had contributed to their defeat in the ensuing conflict with the Houthis (Huthis)〔 and led to the subsequent loss of Hashid leadership as many tribes (Bani Suraim, Usaimat, Uzer, etc.) reached a peace agreement or sided with the rebels.〔 == Ancient History == Hashid was already a well known "tribe" (''sha`b'') since the 1st millennium BCE and it was very frequently mentioned in Sabaic inscriptions. Banu Hamdan was mentioned in Sabaic inscriptions as qayls ("chiefs") of Hashid, later Banu Hamdan acquired control over a part of Bakil and finally gave their clan name to a tribal confederation including Hashid and Bakil.〔Andrey Korotayev. ''Pre-Islamic Yemen''. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1996.〕 In the late 3rd century Banu Hamdan (and, consequently, Hashid and Bakil) switched their alliance to Himyar. Later some "Hamdani" groups〔() Hamdani tribes that remained in Yemen〕 migrated to Syria. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hashid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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