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Non-state opponents * AQAP〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Al-Qaeda Announces Holy War against Houthis- Yemen Post English Newspaper Online )〕 * Al-Islah * 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speech )〕 |battles=Houthi insurgency in Yemen * Operation Scorched Earth * Operation Blow to the Head * Battle of Sa'dah * Siege of Dammaj * Battle of Sana'a * Yemeni coup d'état * Battle of Aleppo Yemeni Civil War * Battle of Ad Dali' * Lahij insurgency * Battle of Aden * Abyan campaign (March–April 2015) * Shabwah campaign (March–April 2015) | url = http://www.ansarallah.net/ }} Ansar Allah (' "Supporters of God"), known more popularly as the ''Houthis'' ((アラビア語:الحوثيون) ''al-Ḥūthiyyūn''), are a Zaidi Shia group from Sa'dah, northern Yemen, which was founded by Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi. They started a rebellion in 2004 which led to a Houthi insurgency in Yemen against Yemen's former President, Ali Abdullah Saleh. The group has been led by Abdul-Malik al-Houthi since Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi was reportedly killed by Yemeni army forces in 2004.〔(Deaths in Yemeni mosque blast ). Al Jazeera, 2 May 2008.〕〔Press TV (Saudi soldier, Houthi leaders killed in north Yemen ), 19 November 2009.〕 The Houthis participated in the 2011 Yemeni Revolution, as well as the ensuing National Dialogue Conference (NDC). However, they rejected the provisions of the November 2011 Gulf Cooperation Council deal on the ground that "it divided Yemen into poor and wealthy regions" and also in response to assassination of their representative at NDC. In 2014–2015 Houthis took over the government in Sana'a, which led to the fall of the Saudi backed government of Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi. Houthis and their allies have gained control of a significant part of Yemen's territory and are currently resisting the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. Both the Houthis and the Saudi Arabian-led coalition are being attacked by the Islamic State terrorist group.〔http://news.yahoo.com/yemen-govt-vows-stay-aden-despite-bombings-102423218.html〕〔http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/arab-coalition-faces-new-islamic-state-foe-in-yemen-conflict-1229476〕 ==History== The Houthis belong to the Shia tribesmen in the North of Yemen who are renowned among Yemeni tribes for their ruggedness, sharpshooting abilities, honor, and bravery in combat. This is while they are also disregarded as being ignorant or backward, by more metropolitan Yemenis, such as Sana'anis or Adenites. They have been known for being very moderate and are the closest to Sunni Islam of all the Shi'a sects.〔 According to Ahmed Addaghashi, a professor at Sanaa University, the Houthis began as a moderate theological movement that preached tolerance and held a broad-minded view of Yemeni people. Their first organization, "the Believing Youth" (BY), was founded in 1992 in Saada Governorate by either Mohammed al-Houthi, or his brother Hussein al-Houthi. The Believing Youth established school clubs and summer camps〔 in order to "promote a Zaidi revival" in Saada.〔 By 1994–1995, 15–20,000 students had attended BY summer camps. The religious material included lectures by Mohammed Hussein Fadhlallah (a Lebanese Shiite scholar) and Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General of Lebanon's Hezbollah Party) "〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Profile: The crisis in Yemen )〕 The formation of the Houthi organizations have been described by Adam Baron of the European Council on Foreign Relations as a reaction to foreign intervention: shoring up Zaidi support against the perceived threat of Saudi-influenced ideologies in Yemen and a general condemnation of the former Yemeni government’s alliance with the United States, which, along with complaints regarding the government’s corruption and the marginalization of much of the Houthis’ home areas in Saada constituted the group’s key grievances. Although Hussein al-Houthi, who was killed in 2004, had no official relation with Believing Youth, according to Zaid, he contributed to the radicalisation of some Zaydis after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. BY-affiliated youth adopted anti-American and anti-Jewish slogans which they chanted in the Saleh Mosque in Sana'a after Friday prayers. According to Zaid, the followers of Houthi's insistence on chanting the slogans attracted the authorities' attention, further increasing government worries over the extent of the al-Houthi movement’s influence. "The security authorities thought that if today the Houthis chanted `Death to America’, tomorrow they could be chanting `Death to the president (Yemen )". 800 BY supporters were arrested in Sana'a in 2004. President Ali Abdullah Saleh then invited Hussein al-Houthi to a meeting in Sana'a, but Hussein declined. On 18 June 2004 Saleh sent government forces to arrest Hussein. Hussein responded by launching an insurgency against the government, but was killed on 10 September 2004. The insurgency continued intermittently until a ceasefire agreement was reached in 2010.〔 The Houthis participated in the 2011 Yemeni Revolution, as well as the ensuing National Dialogue Conference (NDC). However, they rejected the provisions of the November 2011 Gulf Cooperation Council deal on the ground that "it divide() Yemen into poor and wealthy regions" and also in response to assassination of their representative at NDC. As the revolution went on, Houthis gained control of greater territory. By 9 November 2011, Houthis were said to be in control of two Yemeni governorates (Saada and Al Jawf) and close to taking over their third governorate (Hajjah), which would enable them to launch a direct assault on Yemeni capital Sana'a. In May 2012, it was reported that the Houthis controlled a majority of Saada, Al Jawf, and Hajjah governorates; they had also gained access to the Red Sea and started erecting barricades north of the capital Sana'a in preparation for more conflict. By 21 September 2014, Houthis were said to control parts of the Yemeni capital, Sana'a, including government buildings and a radio station. While control of the capital expanded to the rest of Sana'a, as well as other towns such as Rada', control was strongly challenged by Al-Qaeda. It was believed by the Gulf States that the Houthis had accepted aid from Iran while Saudi Arabia was aiding their Yemeni rivals. On 20 January 2015, Houthi rebels seized the presidential palace in the capital. President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi was in the presidential palace during the takeover but was not harmed. The movement officially took control of the Yemeni government on 6 February, dissolving parliament and declaring its Revolutionary Committee to be the acting authority in Yemen.〔 On 20 March 2015, The al-Badr and al-Hashoosh mosques came under suicide attack during midday prayers. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant quickly claimed responsibility. The blasts killed 142 Houthi worshippers and wounded more than 351, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in Yemen's history. In a televised speech on 22 March, Houthi leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi accused the US and Israel of supporting the terrorists attacks. He blamed regional Arab states for financing terrorist groups operating inside Yemen. On 27 March 2015, in response to perceived Houthi threats to Sunni factions in the region, Saudi Arabia along with Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, UAE, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Sudan led a gulf coalition airstrike in Yemen.〔archive does not retrieve properly, as of 3 April 2015〕 The military coalition includes the United States which is helping with the planning of air strikes, as well as logistical and intelligence support. According to a 2015 September report by Esquire magazine, the Houthis, once the outliers, are now one of the most stable and organised social and political movements in Yemen. The power vacuum created by Yemen’s uncertain transitional period has drawn more supporters to the Houthis. Many of the formerly powerful parties, now disorganised with an unclear vision, have fallen out of favour with the public, making the Houthis — under their newly branded Ansar Allah name — all the more attractive.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Houthis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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