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GLONASS-M
GLONASS-M (), also known as Uragan-M () (GRAU Index 11F654M and manufacturing code 14F113) are the second generation of Uragan satellite design used as part of the Russian GLONASS radio-based satellite navigation system. Developed by Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems, it had its debut launch in 2003, and is in the process of being phased out. Its production is expected to finish in 2015 and as of July, 2015, its last launch is expected on late 2017. It is an evolution of the previous Uragan (GRAU Index 11F654) second-generation satellites, improving accuracy, increasing power, extending the design life and adding the FDMA L2OF open signal.
== Design ==
It used a 3-axis stabilized pressurized bus with two solar panels, a propulsion module and a payload module.〔 At these are just heavier than the previous generation, but have 25% more power 1250 W, 230% more desgin life (7 years), an additional signal (L2OF) and generally improved accuracy.〔 It uses an on-board computer based on a Russian microprocessor using the VAX 11/750 instruction set (the Angstrem K1839 (Russian Wikipedia)).〔
The Uragan-M are usually launched in trios, and due to the close distance, the radios of the thee would interfere with each other, meaning that the ground segment can only command one satellite at a time. Setting sun pointing attitude for power and then Earth pointing attitude for communications for a single unit takes about 5 hours. Since the radio contact window with ground control is between 4 to 6 hours, ground control can not control all spacercafts in a single pass. The on board computer in the Uragan-M can put the spacecraft in sun pointing mode autonomously, and does many of the start up processes so the ground segment can take control and process the Earth pointing mode.〔
The payload consists of L-Band navigation signals in 25 channels separated by 0.5625 MHz intervals in 2 frequency bands: 1602.5625 - 1615.5 MHz and 1240 - 1260 MHz. EIRP 25 to 27 dBW. Right hand circular polarized.〔 It transmits the FDMA signals L1OF, L1SF, L2OF and L2SF, with the open L2OF being new to the Uragan series. It uses 3 Cs clocks with a clock stability of 1x10-13 (an 5x improvement over the 5x10-13 clock stability of the previous generation Uragan).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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