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Frangistan ((ペルシア語:فرنگستان)) was a term used by Muslims and Persians in particular, during the Middle Ages and later historical periods to refer to Western or Latin Europe. ''Frangistan'' literally means "Land of the Franks", from ''Farang'' which is the Persianized form of Frank plus the suffix ''-istan'' coming from the Persian language.〔 Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary 〕 During the Crusades, the Muslims of the Middle East came to call all Christendom ''Franks'', originally the name for inhabitants of the largest of the Christian realms in Europe, Francia, which gave its name to the kingdom of France (while its eastern part came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire). As the ''Franks'' (French) formed a substantial part of the force of the First Crusade, and Old French became the dominant language in the crusader states of the 12th century (notably the Principality of Antioch), the term ''Frank'' as used in the Levant could mean any Western European Christian (whether Frankish, Saxon, Flemish, etc.). ''Frangistan'' was no clearly defined area and may have referred to any land perceived to be Christian by contemporary Muslims. In a similar way, Greek Christians were "Rumis", named for Rûm (derived from "Rome", i.e. the Byzantine Empire). Conversely, Christians generally called Muslims ''Saracens'' or ''Moors'', both after the names of more localized tribes, in Arabia and Mauretania, respectively. The term ''Frangistan'' was still in use in the time of the Ottoman Empire, in sources as late as the 17th century.〔Bernard Lewis, "Some Reflections on the Decline of the Ottoman Empire", ''Studia Islamica'', No. 9. (1958), pp. 111-127.〕 However, in Persia it remained in use until the end of the Qajar dynasty as observed in various correspondences and administrative documents of that era to refer to European countries.〔 ''روزنامه خاطرات ناصرالدين شاه در سفر سوم فرنگستان (Chronicles of Nasser al-Din Shah from His Third Journey to Farangestān (Europe))'', edited by Dr. Mohammad Esmā'eel Rezvāni & Fātemeh Ghāzihā, Iranian National Documents Organization Publishing, Tehran, 1378 Solar A.H. (1999). 〕 Other derivatives of this word such as Farang (noun), Farangi (adjective), and compound words like Farangi Ma'āb (literally ''French-styled''), are used with lower frequency in Modern Persian, though without any negative connotation.〔Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary〕 In Hindi in present day India, all Europeans in general are still referred to as Firang. ==See also== * The Mediterranean Lingua Franca was a pidgin talked among Europeans ("Franks") and Muslims. * Franco-Levantines 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frangistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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