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Flurzwang
''Flurzwang'' is the German name for a historical system of agriculture used in various places in Europe. It was an agreement or sometimes an order from the community, among all the owners of farmland or farming plots, or by the lord of the manor, for the cultivation of individual pieces of agricultural land in the community in areas using the three year crop rotation system. It was used between the late Middle Ages until about the middle of the 19th century, or even much longer in some places. It typically resulted in dispersal of the ownership of property over the entire land of the community, the so-called ''Gemengelage'' (mixed location).
==Reasons for its establishment==
The aim was to prevent a farmer or property owner from gaining an advantage by harvesting earlier or cultivating other produce from what had previously been agreed upon. The agreements were also supposed to prevent damages to the land due to people walking or even driving onto the fields. In addition, they were to prevent theft of vegetables or other produce. As part of ''Flurzwang'', land owners had to relinquish part of their land for pathways when the land was developed. Fenced fields were exempted from ''Flurzwang'' and special crops could also be grown on them. This was the case for wine growing, for instance. The owner of such a field had to pay compensation to the other farmers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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