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Dalmatianism or Dalmatian nationalism refers to the nationalism or patriotism of Dalmatians and Dalmatian culture. There were significant Dalmatian nationalists in the 19th century, but Dalmatian regional nationalism faded in significance over time in favor of ethnic nationalism.〔Egbert Jahn. Nationalism in Late and Post-Communist Europe: The Failed Nationalism of the Multinational and Partial National States , Volume 1. Nomos, 2008. P. 330. ''In the course of this development, regional nationalism (for example Bohemian, Transylvanian, Montenegrin, and Dalmatian nationalism) declined in importance almost everywhere and had to give way to ethnic nationalism.''〕 ==History== Some historians -like Johannes Lucius in his ''Historia di Dalmatia'' - suggested that the first form of political "Dalmatianism" were the medieval Dalmatian City-States. However only in the 17th century the Dalmatian poet Jerolim Kavanjin exhibited Dalmatianism, identifying himself as "Dalmatian" and calling Dalmatia his homeland, which John Fine interprets not to have been a nationalist notion.〔When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. University of Michigan Press, 2006. P. 287. ''Besides this pan-Slavism, which produced in him the identity that came closest to being ethnic, Kavanjin exhibited the noted "Dalmatianism". This local "Dalmatian" identity was the only competitor "Slavic" had. And, after all, as he said, Dalmatia was his homeland. And two such identities could easily co-exist and both could have "ethnic" ingredients.''〕 During Dalmatia's incorporation in Austrian Empire, with the Autonomist Party in Dalmatia refusing and opposing plans to incorporate Dalmatia into Croatia, there was historically one of the first examples of a beginning form of Dalmatianism. Indeed this Autonomist party supported an autonomous Dalmatia based on a multicultural association of Dalmatia's ethnic communities: Croats, Serbs, and Italians, united as Dalmatians.〔 The Autonomist Party has been accused of secretly having been a pro-Italian movement due to their defense of the rights of ethnic Italians in Dalmatia.〔 This was in part because the name "Dalmatia" was a Roman-created name.〔Ivo Banac. The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. P. 36.〕 Also the support for the autonomy of Dalmatia had deep historic roots in identifying Dalmatian culture as linking Western culture via Venetian Italian influence with the Eastern culture via South Slavic influence: such a view was supported by Dalmatian autonomist Stipan Ivičević.〔Dominique Reill. ''Nationalists Who Feared the Nation: Adriatic Multi-Nationalism in Habsburg Dalmatia, Trieste, and Venice''. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 2012. P. 216.〕 However the Autonomist Party did not claim to be an Italian movement, and indicated that it sympathized with a sense of hetereogeneity amongst Dalmatians in opposition to ethnic nationalism.〔 In the 1861 elections, the Autonomists won twenty-seven seats in Dalmatia, while Dalmatia's Croatian nationalist movement, the People's Party, won only fourteen seats.〔Ivo Goldstein. ''Croatia: A History. 2nd edition''. C. Hurst & Co, 1999, 2001. P. 80.〕 But later, in the early 1900s, the Italian ethnic nationalism was fundamental in the Dalmatian Autonomist Party. The issue of autonomy of Dalmatia was also debated after the creation of Yugoslavia in 1918, due to divisions within Dalmatia over proposals of merging the region with the territories composing the former Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.〔Ivo Banac. The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Ithaca, New York, USA: Cornell University Press, 1984. P. 351.〕 Proposals for the autonomy of Dalmatia within Yugoslavia were made by Dalmatians within the Yugoslav Partisans during World War II, however these proposals were strongly opposed by Croatian Communists and the proposals were soon abandoned.〔Aleksa Đilas. ''Contested Country: Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution, 1919-1953''. Harvard University Press, 1991. Pp. 172.〕 After the break of Jugoslavia in the early 1990s there were again tentatives of autonomy in the Dalmatia region: the ''Dalmatian Action'' (''Dalmatinska Akcija'', DA) was a 1990s regionalist and autonomist party in the region of Dalmatia within Croatia, that advocated for the political autonomy of Dalmatia within Croatia, including the creation of a Dalmatian regional government with a legislative assembly, with autonomy over cultural issues involving Dalmatia.〔Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties. M.E. Sharpe, 1995. P. 63-64.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dalmatianism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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