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Cornaceae
Cornaceae (the dogwood family) are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 110 species of mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen. Members of the family usually have opposite or alternate simple leaves, four- or five-parted flowers clustered in inflorescences or pseudanthia, and drupaceous fruits.〔Kubitzki, K. (2004). Cornaceae. In ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Volume 6: Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales'' (Kubitzki, ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York.〕 In northern temperate areas, Cornaceae are well known from two genera: ''Cornus'', the dogwoods, and ''Nyssa'', the tupelos.
The systematics of Cornaceae has been remarkably unsettled and controversial, and many genera have been added to it and removed from it over time. (One researcher called it a "dustbin."〔Eyde, R. H. (1988). Comprehending ''Cornus'' - puzzles and progress in the systematics of the dogwoods. ''Botanical Review'' 54, 233-351.〕) Molecular phylogenetics have clarified the relatedness of some associated genera, and at least nine genera that were previously included in Cornaceae have been eliminated from the order Cornales entirely,〔Fan, C. Z., and Xiang, Q. Y. (2003). Phylogenetic analyses of Cornales based on 26S rRNA and combined 26S rDNA-matK-rbcL sequence data. ''American Journal of Botany'' 90, 1357-1372.〕 but the circumscription of Cornaceae is still unclear. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group usually defines Cornaceae as comprising the genera ''Cornus'' and ''Alangium'' as well as five genera often separated into the family Nyssaceae. However, many of these genera are sometimes split off into their own families (e.g. Alangiaceae), and the usage remains inconsistent.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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