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Colsterworth is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated less than half a mile (0.8 km) west from the A1, and approximately south from Grantham and north-west from Stamford. The village, together with the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, had a population of 1508 according to the 2001 Census. ==History and architecture== The name Colsterworth is from the Old English 'colestre' + 'worth' for "enclosure of the charcoal burners"; the name appears as "Colsteuorde" in the ''Domesday Book''. The village dates from the Roman era. It is close to Ermine Street, the old Roman road that ran from London directly north to Lincoln and to the Roman road known as High Dyke. A Roman smelting furnace was found at Colsterworth in 1931, as was a small defended Late Iron Age settlement in the 1940s.〔("Colsterworth and District Parish Council" ), Lincolnshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 30 April 2012〕 Colsterworth is raised upon a slight limestone ridge, with the River Witham running below on the western side and bisecting the two villages. The old hamlet of Twyford has been incorporated by the growth of Colsterworth, but the name survives in the names of some houses and in Twyford Wood. The area between Colsterworth Church and Twyford was once known as Dunkirk. Colsterworth, Woolsthorpe and Twyford are all separately entered in the ''Domesday Book'' of 1086.〔("Welcome to the Village Archive Group web site!" ), Villagearchivegroup.com. Retrieved 30 April 2012〕 The village belonged to the historical wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo.〔("Winnibriggs and Threo Wap" ), A Vision of Britain through Time, Retrieved 16 March 2012〕 The enclosures of the land in 1808 allowed the local landlords to increase their holdings. Thirty villagers also received land, but some sold on to avoid the compulsory expense of fencing it. Colsterworth...The rector commuted his tythes for 398 acres, in addition to his 11 acres of glebe. The position of Colsterworth on the Great York Road, later the Great North Road, became important as soon as the turnpike road was completed in 1752. It was appointed a post town, and by the mid-19th century had a thriving coaching trade. There were numerous inns - ten at one time. However, the village was bypassed in 1935.〔("Villages Three - A short history of the Parish of St John the Baptist, Colsterworth" ), Lincolnshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 30 April 2012〕 The old coaching inns have been transformed into houses or business properties, such as The George House and The Sun Pottery, or demolished completely. The White Lion public house, standing opposite the parish church of St John the Baptist, alone now serves the population. About that time, ironstone workings began. These were closed in the 1970s and the site rehabilitated.〔("History of Colsterworth" ), Villagearchivegroup.com. Retrieved 30 April 2012〕 Colsterworth also lies one mile to the west of Twyford Wood, which was the site of a Second World War airfield RAF North Witham, and still retains military artefacts, including open runways and a derelict control tower. After the war, the grassed part of the airfield was planted with oaks and conifers. The grassland habitat is home to a regionally important colony of dingy and grizzled skipper butterflies.〔("Explore Twyford Wood" ), Forestry.gov.uk. Retrieved 30 April 2012〕 In 1884 the Rev'd J. Mirehouse, rector of Colsterworth, was responsible for the Home Office Baby publicity stunt. The origins of the parish church of St John the Baptist go back to Saxon times, as indicated by the herring-bone stonework in the chancel. The Norman arches were preserved during Victorian renovation, of which this church is a prime example. The surrounding churchyard has been closed for almost a century but is kept in order by the Parish Council. Inside the church, behind the organ, is a stone sundial plate that was cut with a penknife by Sir Isaac Newton when nine years of age. The stone, which has no gnomon, is mounted upside down below a carved wooden effigy of the scientist.〔 Newton's mother, Hannah Ayscough (died 1642) and father, also called Isaac (died 1673), were buried in the church.〔("The Church of Saint John the Baptist,Colsterworth" ). Retrieved 30 April 2012〕 Colsterworth belongs to the Colsterworth Group of Anglican churches, sharing a priest with Holy Cross, Great Ponton, St Guthlac, Little Ponton, St James, Skillington and St Andrew and St Mary at North and South Stoke Rochford with Easton. It is in the deanery of Beltisloe. Methodism came to Colsterworth about 1795. The present Methodist church in Back Lane dates back to the 1830s.〔 Although the oldest dwellings are of limestone, 1920s and 1930s brick homes are interposed amongst them. During the 1970s a large estate, Woodlands Drive, was built on ground previously belonging to Colsterworth House,〔("Colsterworth House" ), Lincolnshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 30 April 2012〕 which was demolished. The land between the village and the A1 was developed into a new housing estate. More recently, in 2009, a further housing development commenced on land previously utilised for steel storage and distribution, known as Newton Grange. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Colsterworth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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