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Pico de Orizaba
The Pico de Orizaba or Citlaltépetl (from Nahuatl ''citlal(in)'' = star, and ''tepētl'' = mountain), is a stratovolcano, the highest mountain in Mexico and the third highest in North America, after Denali (formerly known as Mount McKinley) of the United States and Mount Logan of Canada. It rises above sea level in the eastern end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, on the border between the states of Veracruz and Puebla. The volcano is currently dormant but not extinct, with the last eruption taking place during the 19th century. It is the second most prominent volcanic peak in the world after Africa's Mount Kilimanjaro.
==Toponymy==
The Pico overlooks the valley and city of Orizaba, from which it gets its name. The name Citlaltépetl is not used by Nahuatl speakers of the Orizaba area, who instead call it ''Istaktepetl'' (''Iztactépetl'' in the traditional orthography for Classical Nahuatl), or 'White Mountain'. In the earliest mention of the volcano, it was referred to by the natives during the Pre-Columbian Era as Poyautécatl, which means "the ground that reaches the clouds".
Citlaltépetl was the common name in the Náhuatl language when the Spanish arrived in Mexico. Citlaltépetl comes from the Náhuatl ''citlalli'' (star) and tepētl (mountain) and thus means "Star Mountain". This name is thought to be based on the fact that the snow-covered peak can be seen year round for hundreds of kilometers throughout the region. A legend from the city of Coscomatepec tells of how the planet Venus can be seen settling into the crater of Citlaltépetl. During the colonial era, the volcano was also known as Cerro de San Andrés due to the nearby settlement of San Andrés Chalchicomula at its base.
A third name, Poyauhtecatl, which means "the one that colors or illuminates", has also been recorded. This name was given by the Tlaxcaltecas in memory of their lost country.〔Map of Cuauhtinchan 2 Vol 2. Keiko Yoneda. p 239〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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