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Cirta (from Berber: KRTN or Kirthan,〔 Encyclopedie Berbère - Cirta, (); Il est douteux que le nom de Cirta soit un mot d’origine phénicienne signifiant « ville ». Sur les monnaies de Cirta, à légendes néopuniques et datées de la fin du iie siècle avant notre ère, on lit, en effet, KRTN (Kirthan) avec un kaph. Or le terme phénicien QRT (Qart) débute par un qoph (Mazard, Corpus, n° 523-529). Il faut donc plutôt attribuer à ce nom une origine libyque. http://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/2289〕 ) was the capital city of the Berber Kingdom of Numidia in northern Africa (modern Algeria). Its strategically important port city was Russicada. Although Numidia was a key ally of the ancient Roman Republic during the Punic Wars (264 BC–146 BC), Cirta was subject to Roman invasions during the 1st and 2nd centuries BC. Eventually went under Roman dominion during the rule of Julius Caesar. Cirta was then repopulated by Italian colonists by Caesar and Augustus and was surrounded by a "Confederation of free Roman cities" (Tiddis, Cuicul, Milevum, etc.) The city was destroyed in the beginning of the 4th century and was rebuilt by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, who gave his name to the newly constructed city, Constantine. Vandals damaged Cirta, but emperor Justinianus I reconquered and improved the roman city. Arabs finally destroyed it in 698 AD, reducing the former Christian city to a small Moslem village that only after some centuries recovered some importance. ==History== Cirta was an important roman colonia in Berber Africa characterized by a full latinisation during the late Roman Empire: it was fully Latin speaking and Christian when the Vandals arrived in 430 AD, according to historian Theodore Mommsen.〔Theodore Mommsen. "The Provinces of the Roman Empire" Section:Africa〕 Pliny calls the city as the first century roman colonia "Cirta Sittianorum",〔Plinius the Elder, ''Historia naturalis'', V, 22〕 together with Rusicade, Milevum and Chullu in what was an autonomous territory of the new province Africa Nova. Indeed, Rome allowed Publius Sittius and his Italian legionaries from Campania to rule the territory of Cirta and surroundings with the Latin name of ''Respublica IIII coloniarum Cirtensium''.〔Jacques Heurgon, "Les origines campaniennes de la Confédération cirtéenne"; François Bertrandy, "L'État de P. Sittius et la région de Cirta - Constantine (Algérie), Ier siècle avant J.-C. - Ier siècle après J.-C.", in ''L'Information historique'', 1990, pp. 69-73.〕 Later, with the expansion of the Roman limes, Cirta was at the center of the most romanised area in Roman Africa (protected by the Fossatum Africae stretching from Sitifis and Icosium (modern Algiers) to Capsa and the modern Gulf of Gabès. However under Publius Sittius Cirta was a special colony with some autonomy from Rome, but under emperor Augustus the city obtained full roman status as colonia with the name ''Iulia Iuvenalis Honoris et Virtutis Cirta'' in 27 BC. Since then Cirta started to grow enormously as an economic center of Roman Africa. The city by the end of the second century -when Christianity started to be important- had nearly 50,000 inhabitants, according to historian Robin Daniel.〔(History of Christianity in Roman Africa )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cirta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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