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|leader_title = Council President |leader_name = Agnieszka Zalewska〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=CERN – Council Delegates )〕 |leader_title2 = Director General |leader_name2 = Rolf-Dieter Heuer |formation = 〔 |languages = English and French |website = }} The European Organization for Nuclear Research (French: ''Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire''), known as CERN (; (:sɛʁn); derived from the name ''"Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire"''; see ''History'') is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, the organization is based in a northwest suburb of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border, () and has 21 member states. Israel is the first (and currently only) non-European country granted full membership.〔(The boycott movement is losing the battle – for now )〕 The term CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory, which in 2013 had 2,513 staff members, and hosted some 12,313 fellows, associates, apprentices as well as visiting scientists and engineers〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CERN Annual Report 2013 – CERN in Figures )〕 representing 608 universities and research facilities. CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – as a result, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN as a result of international collaborations. CERN is also the birthplace of the World Wide Web. The main site at Meyrin has a large computer facility containing powerful data processing facilities, primarily for experimental-data analysis; because of the need to make these facilities available to researchers elsewhere, it has historically been a major wide area networking hub. == History == The convention establishing CERN was ratified on 29 September 1954 by 12 countries in Western Europe.〔 The acronym CERN originally represented the French words for ''Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire'' (European Council for Nuclear Research), which was a provisional council for building the laboratory, established by 12 European governments in 1952. The acronym was retained for the new laboratory after the provisional council was dissolved, even though the name changed to the current ''Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire'' (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1954. According to Lew Kowarski, a former director of CERN, when the name was changed, the acronym could have become the awkward OERN, and Heisenberg said that the acronym could "still be CERN even if the name is ()". CERN's first president was Sir Benjamin Lockspeiser. Edoardo Amaldi was the general secretary of CERN at its early stages when operations were still provisional, while the first Director-General (1954) was Felix Bloch. The laboratory was originally devoted to study of atomic nuclei, but was soon applied to higher-energy physics, concerned mainly with the study of interactions between subatomic particles. Therefore, the laboratory operated by CERN is commonly referred to as the European laboratory for particle physics (''Laboratoire européen pour la physique des particules''), which better describes the research being performed there. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「CERN」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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