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Buddhadasa
Phra Dharmakosacarya (Nguam Indapañño) ((タイ語:พระธรรมโกศาจารย์ (เงื่อม อินฺทปญฺโญ)); ), also known as Buddhadasa Bhikkhu ((タイ語:พุทธทาสภิกขุ); , May 27, 1906 – May 25, 1993) was a famous and influential ascetic-philosopher of the 20th century. Known as an innovative reinterpreter of Buddhist doctrine and Thai folk beliefs, Buddhadasa fostered a reformation in conventional religious perceptions in his home country, Thailand, as well as abroad. Although he was a formally a bhikkhu or "monk", having at the age of twenty years submitted to mandatory traditional religious controls, Buddhadasa developed a personal view that rejected specific religious identification and considered all faiths as principally one. His groundbreaking thought inspired such persons as the French schooled Pridi Banomyong, leader of the Siamese revolution of 1932, and a group of Thai social activists and artists of the 1960s and 70s.
==Early years==
He was born Nguam Phanit ((タイ語:เงื่อม พานิช); ) in 1906 in Ban Phumriang, Chaiya District, southern Thailand. His father, Sieng Phānit, was a shopkeeper of second generation Thai Chinese (Hokkien) ancestry and his mother, Klaun, was Thai.〔(Suchira Payulpitack, Buddhadasa's Movement: An Analysis of Its Origins, Development, and Social Impact ), a Doctorate dissertation, faculty of Sociology, Universität Bielefeld, 1992: 72-3.〕 He renounced civilian life in 1926. Typical of young monks during the time, he traveled to the capital, Bangkok, for doctrinal training but found the wats there dirty, crowded, and, most troubling to him, the sangha corrupt, "preoccupied with prestige, position, and comfort with little interest in the highest ideals of Buddhism."〔Payulpitack, 1992: 123.〕 As a result, he returned to his native rural district and occupied a forest tract near to his village. He named it ''Suan Mokkh'' from Thai ''suan'' "garden" and Pali ''moksha'' "release, liberation".〔Moksha holds the sense of 'shedding ones skin.' See Harris, (Moksha: an etymological note, Bauddhamata, 15.6.2009 ).〕 He strove for a simple, pristine practice in attempt to emulate Gautama Buddha's core teaching, "Do good, avoid bad, and purify the mind." He therefore avoided the customary ritualism and internal politics that dominated Siamese clerical life. His ability to explain complex philosophical and religious ideas in his native Southern Thai attracted many people to his wooded retreat.
However, Buddhadasa was skeptical of his fame; when reflecting on the busloads of visitors to Suan Mokkh he would say, "sometimes I think many of these people just stop here because they have to visit the bathroom."
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