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Blestium
Blestium (also Blestio in the Antonine Itinerary (Iter XIII)) was a small fort and iron working centre in the Roman province of Britannia Superior, part of Roman Britain. It has been identified with the site of the later town of Monmouth in south east Wales, located adjoining the confluence of the River Monnow with the River Wye. A plaque on the local bank records its position.
==History and remains==
The reference to ''Blestio'' in the Antonine Itinerary is the only one made to the settlement in Roman sources. It was located on the road between Caerleon (') and Silchester ('), midway between the fort at Usk (') and the iron making centre at ', believed to be at Weston under Penyard near Ross-on-Wye. It is suggested that the name may derive from the Greek word βλαστος, meaning "offshoot".〔( Blestium at RomanBritain.org ). Accessed 2 March 2012〕
It is now generally accepted that a Neronian or pre-Flavian military fort was established at Monmouth, perhaps before 55 AD, making it the earliest Roman fort in Wales.〔〔( Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Historic Landscape Characterisation: Lower Wye Valley, 011 Monmouth ). Accessed 2 March 2012〕 The fort was probably established, either by Publius Ostorius Scapula or his successor Aulus Didius Gallus, during the first advances of the Romans against the Silures of south east Wales. The invading forces established a series of auxiliary forts along the Monnow valley into mid Wales, as well as advancing towards Usk where they established the fort of ''Burrium''. The Silures fought a successful guerrilla war against the Romans for some thirty years before being defeated by the forces led by Sextus Julius Frontinus. The fort at ''Blestium'' is believed to have housed around 2,000 soldiers during the initial campaign, and later to have remained as a small fortlet.〔Monmouth Civic Society, ''Guide to the Monmouth Heritage Blue Plaque Trail'', n.d., p.6〕
Relatively few Roman remains had been found at Monmouth until recently. The first ditch of the fort was discovered by the Monmouth Archaeological Society behind properties on Monnow Street, within Monmouth town centre.〔 Excavations in 2010 in Agincourt Square also uncovered pottery and bones, which appear to confirm the existence of a fort.〔( South Wales Argus, ''Roman fort unearthed in Monmouth'', 12 August 2010 ). Accessed 2 March 2012〕 There is substantial evidence of iron working dating from the Roman period, drawing on local iron ore and charcoal for smelting from local forests.〔 This includes hearths and waste slag, both in the town centre and in the Overmonnow area. Stone buildings associated with 2nd and 3rd century iron working have been excavated near the crossing of the River Monnow. Coins found in the town date mainly from the third and fourth centuries, suggesting continuing civilian settlement.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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