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A Bit-hilani (Akkadian: ''Bīt-Ḫilāni'', meaning 'house of pillars') is an ancient architectural type of palace. It seems to have become popular at the end of the tenth and during the ninth century BCE during the early Iron Age in northern Syria although it may have originated as early as the Bronze Age. Contemporary records call it a Hittite-style palace, probably after the Neo-Hittite kingdoms of northern Syria. == Individual examples == The oldest excavated building described as ''Hilani'' by its excavator Sir Leonard Woolley is a palace〔A (plan ) of the Palace of Niqmepa at Tell Atchana, the ancient Alalakh.〕 in level IV at Alalakh dated to the 15th century BCE. The palace is thought to have been built by Niqmepa, a son of Idrimi of the royal family of the Amorite state of Yamhad based in Halab. A building at the citadel (Büyükkale) of the Hittite capital Hattusa may also have been of the hilani type.〔The detached building (labeled as building E on most plans) lies near the north west corner of the palace area of the citadel, between the large reception hall and the more private building in the northernmost corner of the citadel. It does not seem to have been incorporated in the court systems and may thus have served as a more private reception building. During excavations an archive was found within the building. The (plan of the building ) seems rather symmetrical and is more similar to those unearthed in Sam'al and Carchemish than for example the palace of Kapara at Guzana. See also (this map ) of the acropolis of Hattusa with a detailed description of the buildings and areas.〕 As most of the structures on the citadel underwent considerable rebuilding during the reign of Tudhaliya IV (ca. 1237 BCE–1209 BCE), it is usually dated to the 13th century BCE.〔See the paragraph ("V. The Period of the Hittite Empire" ).〕 Kapara, king of the Aramaean kingdom of Bit Bahiani in the 10th or 9th century BCE, built himself a palace of this style in his capital at Guzana (Tell Halaf). The palace,〔A (plan ) of the palace with the adjoining Skorpians Gate. Illustrations from "The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient." 5th ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996 by Henri Frankfort.〕 with a rich decoration of statues and relief orthostats, was excavated by Max von Oppenheim in 1911. Some of the finds were taken to Berlin, and most of them destroyed when his private museum was hit during a bombing raid in November 1943. The National Museum of Aleppo has reconstructed the pillared portico in front of its entrance. Other buildings of this type have been excavated among others at Tell Tayinat,〔Brief (description ) of the construction periods the found hilani type buildings belonged to, with the oldest (Building XIII) dated to around 950 BCE.〕 Qatna, Sam'al, Sakçagözü, Carchemish, Tell Seh Hamad,〔(Website ) of the excavation (in german). The Hilani (building F) was found in the northwest corner of the lower city, integrated into a larger palace complex. It is (dated ) to the 8th century BCE.〕 maybe Kinet Höyük〔An entrance excavated in 2007, formed by two wide steps framed by two posts is compared to the Bit-hilani style of the Late Bronze Age by the excavators. A restored view is shown on (this page (fig.6) ) at the "(Current Archeology in Turkey )" site.〕 and at Emar.〔A (hilani type palace (Palace A) ) is said to lie on or near what is now a small island in Lake Assad, north of the upper town with the temples. Marked with the number 10 on this (map ) of the site.〕 When claiming to have built in the style of a hilani, most builders probably referred to the pillared portico with antechamber such as: Sargon II, King of Assyria 722–705 BCE, at his new city of Dur-Sharrukin, begun in 713 BCE. An isolated building of which not much is known yet has been located in the western corner of the palace terrace. It may be a candidad〔(Description ) of the site the relief "(Genius holding a poppy flower )", now at the Louvre, was found at.〕 for the building he mentions in his founding text.〔(Translation ) and plans of the excavated parts of the palace of Sargon II at Dur-Sharrukin.〕 "A portico, patterned after the Hittite palace, which in the language of Amurru they call a bit-hilani, I built in front of the palaces' gates." Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC), claims to have done some building in Niniveh in the style of a bit-hilani. Nothing similar to a ''hilani'' has to date been identified without doubt at his palace, known today as the South-West Palace in Niniveh, finished in 694 BCE. The building in question may not have been found yet. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bit-hilani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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