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Barabbas or Jesus Barabbas (a Hellenization of the Aramaic ''bar abba'' בר אבא, literally "son of the father" or "Jesus, son of the Father" respectively) is a figure mentioned in the accounts of the Passion of Christ, in which he is an insurrectionary whom Pontius Pilate freed at the Passover feast in Jerusalem, instead of releasing Jesus. ==Biblical account== According to all four canonical gospels and the non-canonical Gospel of Peter there was a prevailing Passover custom in Jerusalem that allowed or required Pilate, the ''praefectus'' or governor of Judea, to commute one prisoner's death sentence by popular acclaim, and the "crowd" (''ochlos''), "the Jews" and "the multitude" in some sources, were offered a choice of whether to have either Barabbas or Jesus released from Roman custody. According to the Synoptic Gospels of Matthew, Mark,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2015:6-15;&version=TNIV; )〕 and Luke,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2023:13-25;&version=TNIV; )〕 and the accounts in John〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=john%2018:38-%2019:16;&version=TNIV; )〕 and the Gospel of Peter, the crowd chose Barabbas to be released and Jesus of Nazareth to be crucified. Pilate is portrayed as reluctantly yielding to the insistence of the crowd. A passage found only in the Gospel of Matthew has the crowd saying, "Let his blood be upon us and upon our children."〔Matthew 27:25.〕 Matthew refers to Barabbas only as a "notorious prisoner".〔Matthew 27:16.〕 Mark and Luke further refer to Barabbas as one involved in a ''stasis'', a riot.〔Mark 15:7; Luke 23:19.〕 Robert Eisenman states that John 18:40 refers to Barabbas as a ''lēstēs'' ("bandit"), "the word Josephus always employs when talking about Revolutionaries".〔Contemporaries combining insurrection and murder in this way were ''sicarii'', members of a militant Jewish movement that sought to overthrow the Roman occupiers of their land by force (Eisenman 177-84, ''et passim'').〕 Three gospels state that there was a custom at Passover during which the Roman governor would release a prisoner of the crowd's choice; , , and . Later copies of Luke contain a corresponding verse (), although this is not present in the earliest manuscripts, and may be a later gloss to bring Luke into conformity.〔Brown (1994), pp. 793–95.〕 The custom of releasing prisoners in Jerusalem at Passover is known as the ''Paschal Pardon'',〔Robert L. Merritt, 'Jesus Barabbas and the Paschal Pardon', Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 104, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 57-68〕 but this custom (whether at Passover or any other time) is not recorded in any historical document other than the gospels.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Death of Jesus: Four Gospel Accounts )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barabbas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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