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Attis ( or ) was the consort of Cybele in Phrygian and Greek mythology.〔A supposed Lydian connection, based by late 19th-century scholars on a connection with the Atys of Herodotus, and repeated by most modern sources with the exception of Walter Burkert, was examined and dismissed by Jan N. Bremmer, "Attis: A Greek God in Anatolian Pessinous and Catullan Rome" ''Mnemosyne'', Fourth Series, 57.5, (2004:534–573).〕 His priests were eunuchs, the Galli, as explained by origin myths pertaining to Attis and castration. Attis was also a Phrygian god of vegetation, and in his self-mutilation, death, and resurrection he represents the fruits of the earth, which die in winter only to rise again in the spring.〔"(Attis (Phrygian deity) )," Britannica Online Encyclopedia〕 The 19th-century identification with the name ''Atys'' encountered in Herodotus (i.34–45) as the historical name of the son of Croesus ("Atys the sun god, slain by the boar's tusk of winter")〔A.H. Sayce, ''The Ancient Empires of the East: Herodotos I-III'' 1883:21f, noted in Bremmer 2004:536 and note〕 is mistaken.〔The often-repeated connection with Atys is disentangled and dismissed by Bremmer 2004, esp. pp. 536–39.〕 ==History== In the late 4th century BC, a cult of Attis became a feature of the Greek world. The story of his origins at Agdistis, recorded by the traveler Pausanias, have some distinctly non-Greek elements: Pausanias was told that the ''daemon'' Agdistis initially bore both male and female attributes. But the Olympian gods, fearing Agdistis, cut off the male organ and cast it away. There grew up from it an almond-tree, and when its fruit was ripe, Nana, who was a daughter of the river-god Sangarius, picked an almond and laid it in her bosom. The almond disappeared, and she became pregnant. Nana abandoned the baby (Attis). The infant was tended by a he-goat. As Attis grew, his long-haired beauty was godlike, and Agdistis as Cybele then fell in love with him. But the foster parents of Attis sent him to Pessinos, where he was to wed the king's daughter. According to some versions the King of Pessinos was Midas. Just as the marriage-song was being sung, Agdistis/Cybele appeared in her transcendent power, and Attis went mad and cut off his genitals. Attis' father-in-law-to-be, the king who was giving his daughter in marriage, followed suit, prefiguring the self-castrating corybantes who devoted themselves to Cybele. But Agdistis repented and saw to it that the body of Attis should neither rot at all nor decay.〔Pausanias, ''Greece'' 7, 19.〕 At the temple of Cybele in Pessinus, the mother of the gods was still called Agdistis, the geographer Strabo recounted.〔Strabo, ''Geography'', 12, 5, 3.〕 As neighboring Lydia came to control Phrygia, the cult of Attis was given a Lydian context too. Attis is said to have introduced to Lydia the cult of the Mother Goddess Cybele, incurring the jealousy of Zeus, who sent a boar to destroy the Lydian crops. Then certain Lydians, with Attis himself, were killed by the boar. Pausanias adds, to corroborate this story, that the Gauls who inhabited Pessinos abstained from pork. This myth element may have been invented solely to explain the unusual dietary laws of the Lydian Gauls. In Rome, the eunuch followers of Cybele were known as ''Galli''. Julian the Apostate gives an account of the spread of the orgiastic cult of Cybele in his ''Oratio'' 5. It spread from Anatolia to Greece and eventually to Rome in Republican times, and the cult of Attis, her reborn eunuch consort, accompanied her. The first literary reference to Attis is the subject of one of the most famous poems by Catullus〔Poem 63. Grant Showerman, "(Was Attis at Rome under the Republic? )" ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' 31 (1900), pp. 46–59.〕 but it appears that Attis was not worshipped at Rome until the early Empire.〔Lambrechts 1962.〕 Oscar Wilde mentions Attis' self-mutilation in his poem "The Sphinx": "And Atys with his blood-stained knife were better than the thing I am."〔"The Sphinx", Oscar Wilde, (''Poems,'' Project Gutenberg, Ebook 1057, 1997. ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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