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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Anti-foundationalism ： ウィキペディア英語版 Anti-foundationalism Anti-foundationalism (also called nonfoundationalism) is, as the name implies, a term applied to any philosophy which rejects a foundationalist approach, i.e. an anti-foundationalist is one who does not believe that there is some fundamental belief or principle which is the basic ground or foundation of inquiry and knowledge.〔J. Childers/G. Hentzi, ''The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism'' (1995) p. 100〕 ==Anti-essentialism== Anti-foundationalists use logical or historical or genealogical attacks on foundational concepts (see especially Nietzsche and Foucault), often coupled with alternative methods for justifying and forwarding intellectual inquiry, such as the pragmatic subordination of knowledge to practical action.〔J. Childers/G. Hentzi, ''The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism'' (1995) p. 240-1〕 Foucault dismissed the search for a return to origins as Platonic essentialism, preferring to stress the contingent nature of human practices.〔Gary Gutting ed., ''The Cambridge Companion to Foucault'' (2007) p. 34〕 Anti-foundationalists oppose metaphysical methods. Moral and ethical anti-foundationalists are often criticized for moral relativism, but anti-foundationalists often dispute this charge, offering alternative methods of moral thought that they claim do not require foundations. Thus while Charles Taylor accused Foucault of having "no order of human life, or way we are, or human nature, that one can appeal to in order to judge or evaluate between ways of life", Foucault nevertheless insists on the need for continuing ethical enquiry ''without'' any universal system to appeal to.〔J. W. Bernauer/M.Mahon, 'Michel Foucault's Ethical Imagination', in Gutting ed., p. 149-50〕 Niklas Luhmann used cybernetics to challenge the role of foundational unities and canonical certainties.〔Niklas Luhmann, ''Theories of Distinction'' (2002) p. 192 and p. 110-12〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-foundationalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.