|
Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial therapeutic agents that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside (sugar);〔E.g., see www.merriam-webster.com/medical/aminoglycoside: "any of a group of antibiotics (as streptomycin and neomycin) that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and are active especially against gram-negative bacteria".〕 the term can also refer more generally to any organic molecule that contains aminosugar substructures. Aminoglycoside antibiotics display bactericidal activity against gram-negative aerobes and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen, but generally not against Gram-positive and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria.〔ME Levison, MD, 2012, Aminoglycosides, The Merck Manual (), accessed 22 February 2014.〕 They include the first-in-class aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin (images at right) derived from ''Streptomyces griseus'', the earliest modern agent used against tuberculosis, and an example that ''lacks'' the common 2-deoxystreptamine moiety (image right, below) present in many other class members. Other examples include the deoxystreptamine-containing agents kanamycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, and neomycin (see below). ==Nomenclature== Aminoglycosides that are derived from bacteria of the ''Streptomyces'' genus are named with the suffix ''mycin'', whereas those that are derived from ''Micromonospora'' are named with the suffix ''micin''. However, this nomenclature system is not specific for aminoglycosides, and so appearance of this set of suffixes does not imply common mechanism of action. (For instance, vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, and erythromycin,〔(The Mechanism of Action of Macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramin B Reveals the Nascent Peptide Exit Path in the Ribosome ) Martin Lovmar and Måns Ehrenberg〕 a macrolide antibiotic produced by ''Saccharopolyspora erythraea'', along with its synthetic derivatives clarithromycin and azithromycin, all share the suffixes but have notably different mechanisms of action.) In the following gallery, kanamycin A through netilmicin are examples of the 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine sub-class of aminoglycosides, the neomycins are examples of the 4,''5''-disubstituted sub-class, and streptomycin is an example of a non-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside.〔 File:Kanamycin A.svg|Kanamycin A File:Amikacine.svg|Amikacin File:Tobramycin.svg|Tobramycin File:Dibekacin.svg|Dibekacin File:Gentamicin C2.svg|Gentamicin File:Sisomicin.svg|Sisomicin File:Netilmicin structure.svg|Netilmicin File:Neomycin_B_C.svg|Neomycins B, C File:Paromomycin_structure.svg|Neomycin E (paromomycin) File:Streptomycin2.svg|Streptomycin 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aminoglycoside」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|