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Almagreira ((:aɫmɐˈɡɾɐjɾɐ)) is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila do Porto in the Portuguese autonomous region of Azores. The population in 2011 was 599,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 11.22 km².〔(Eurostat )〕 Bordering all other parishes of the island, it is located northwest of Vila do Porto. ==History== It is unclear when this area was first referred to as ''Almagreira'', but it stemmed from the exploration of a type of clay common in the area; from the name ''almagre'', for a lead-rich red clay, used for pigment. The importance of this clay was later mentioned in a local poem: :''"It was the clay of Almagreira/that moulded our luck/this sailor's luck/Between the ocean and the north wind"'' The beachhead, today Praia Formosa, was first referred to in the Castillian ''Açores Insulae'' map, authored by Luís Teixeira and dated to 1584, as the ''Plaia Hermosa''.〔Carlos Luís M.C. da Cruz (2007), pp.2〕 The same author, in his map ''Descripçam da Ilha de Santa Maria'', in 1587 (today located in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale de Florença), referred to the area of Almagreira as the ''Parish of Figueira'' ((ポルトガル語:Paróquia da Figueira))”, noting the ancient hermitage dedicated to Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, and a small population of 40 neighbours, in addition to the aforementioned ''Praia Fremosa''.〔 In addition to the Chapel of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (''Our Lady of Medicine''), the parish is also the location of several other temples: Church of Nossa Senhora do Bom Despacho (''Our Lady of Good Tidings''), which evolved from a small chapel constructed in the 18th century, as well as the Church of Nossa Senhora do Monte (''Our Lady of the Mount'') and Nossa Senhora da Graça (''Our Lady of Grace''), both constructed in the 19th century.〔〔Friar Agostinho de Montalverne first referred to these chapels on island of Santa Maria in his ''Crónicas da Província de São João Evangelista''.〕 It was in Porto Formosa that English (1599) and later Barbary coast pirates (June 1616) first attacked the island. The second assault, which was the most calamitous and damaging, resulted in islanders soliciting (formally, since about 1599) provisions for the islands defence.〔Guedes (1996), pp.1〕 There are also vestiges of a 16th–17th century Fort of São João Baptista that was used to protect the location from pirate attacks.〔 The bishop of the Diocese of Angra, António Caetano da Rocha, on 2 December 1766 created a new parish, ''"...the third of the main Church to benefit that people and most populous parish that reside in that par of the mountains"''.〔(Voto de Saudação da Assembleia Legislativa dos Açores )〕 It was during the 19th century, that thee twelfth Commander in the Order of Christ on Santa Maria, Diogo José Ferreira de Eça e Menezes, third Count of Lousã, who organized the collection of funds to support the creation of a specific ''Curato Sufragâneo da Matriz na Almagreira'' (clergy) to reside at the Church of Bom Despacho. The lands of the northern plateau of the parish were recorded as the most productive on the island, with extensive fields that produced wheat; Lieutenant-Colonel José Carlos Figueiredo, writing in 1815, while in service on the island noted: ''"...site of the best lands, in squared fields and a good plain of orchards..."''.〔 The first primary school began offering classes in 1864.〔Carlos Enes (September 1998)〕 The ex-''Constitution'', ''Canarias'', known locally as the ''sunken boat'', was a Spanish-registered ship, which, on 13 November 1871, sunk in Praia Bay. The civil parish, owing to the dramatic growth, separated from the parish of Nossa Senhora de Assunção (Vila do Porto) by decree on 25 October 1906,〔Publicado no Diário do Governo nº 244, de 27 Out. 1906.〕 an area that included the communities of Bom Despacho Velho, Brasil, Brejo de Baixo, Brejo de Cima, Brejo do Meio, Carreira, congro, Courelas, Covas, Farropo, Fonte do Mourato, Fonte Nova, Graça and Praia. Much later, a Casa do Povo (community centre) was founded on 6 October 1966, but electricity only reached the parish in August 1971.〔 At the time, its population has sustained itself on agriculture, woven handicrafts, woollen sweaters and bedspreads. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Almagreira (Vila do Porto)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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