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Ę (minuscule: ę; Polish ''E z ogonkiem'', "E with a little tail"; Lithuanian ''e nosinė'', "e nasal") is a letter in the Polish alphabet, Lithuanian alphabet, and the Dalecarlian alphabet. In Latin, Irish, and Old Norse palaeography, it is known as E caudata (tailed E). ==In Polish== In Polish ę comes after ''e'' in the alphabet but never appears at the start of a word. It is most commonly pronounced as , , , or , depending on the context. Unlike French, nasal vowels in Polish are ''asynchronous'', meaning that they are pronounced as an oral vowel + a nasal semivowel , or a nasal vowel + a nasal semivowel. For the sake of simplicity, it is sometimes transcribed . Some examples, * ''język ("language", "tongue")'', pronounced (:ˈjɛw̃zɨk) * ''mięso ("meat")'', pronounced * ''ciężki ("heavy", "difficult")'', pronounced Before all stops and affricates, it is pronounced as an oral vowel + nasal consonant, with before most consonants, while appears before ''p'', ''b'', ''w'', or ''f''; and appears before palatal consonants ''ć'', ''dź''; before palatal sibilants ''ś'' and ''ź'' it is either or (more frequently) . For example, * ''więcej ("more")'', pronounced * ''sędzia ("judge", "referee")'', pronounced , rarely (in dialects) also * ''głęboki ("deep")'', pronounced * ''więzi ("bonds")'', pronounced , or If ę is the final letter of a word, or if it is followed by either ''L'' or ''Ł'', some Poles will pronounce it simply as . For example, ''będę ("I will (be)")'' can be either or , similarly ''dziękuję ("thank you")'' can be either or . In dialects of some regions, ę in final position is also pronounced as , thus, robię is occasionally pronounced as . Such a way of incorrect speaking is a "trademark" of the former Polish President Lech Wałęsa, and some of his sentences, often transcribed to reflect the pronunciation, e.g. "Nie chcem, ale muszem" (properly written ''"Nie chcę, ale muszę"''; eng. ''"I don't want to, but I have to"'') became a part of popular language. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ę」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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