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y'all
Y'all ( ) (sometimes ''ya'll'' or ''yall'') is a contraction of ''you'' and ''all'' (sometimes combined as ''you-all''). It is used as a second-person pronoun. The exclusive usage of ''y'all'' as a plural pronoun is a subject of perennial discussion. ''Y'all'' is strongly associated with Southern American English,〔Bernstein, Cynthia: "Grammatical Features of Southern speech: Yall, Might could, and fixin to". ''English in the Southern United States'', 2003, pp. 106 Cambridge University Press〕 and appears in other English varieties, including African American Vernacular English and South African Indian English.
==Etymology==
''Y’all'' arose as a contraction of ''you-all''. It first appeared in the southern United States in the early nineteenth century,〔Crystal, David. (''The Story of English in 100 Words'' ). 2011.〕 with an earliest citation of 1824.〔Schneider, Edgar W. ("The English dialect heritage of the southern United States" ), from ''Legacies of Colonial English'', Raymond Hickey, ed. 2005. p.284.〕 Many aspects of the word's derivation are unknown; for example, no one knows if its use began with southern blacks or with white immigrants.〔 One supposition is that the term evolved from the earlier Ulster Scots term ''ye aw''.〔Montgomery, Michael. ("British and Irish antecedents" ), from ''The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 6'', John Algeo, ed. 1992. p.149.〕 Scots-Irish immigrants to the southern United States frequently used the term ''ye aw''.〔Bernstein, Cynthia: "Grammatical Features of Southern Speech: Yall, Might could, and fixin to". ''English in the Southern United States'', 2003, pp. 108-109 Cambridge University Press〕 Some evidence suggests that ''y'all'' could have evolved from ''ye aw'' due to the influence of African slaves who may have adapted the Scots-Irish term.〔Lipski, John. 1993. "Y’all in American English," ''English World-Wide'' 14:23-56.〕 An alternative theory is that ''y'all'' is a calque of Gullah and Caribbean creole ''una'' via earlier dialects of African-American English.〔 ''Y'all'' is an original form, deriving from indigenous processes of grammar and morphological change, not from input from other English dialects.〔
''Y'all'' appeared at different times in different dialects of English, including Southern American English and South African Indian English, and as such is a parallel independent development in those dialects.〔Hickey, Raymond. (''A Dictionary of Varieties of English'' ). 2013. p.231.〕
The forms ''ya'll'' and ''yall'' are also known, but the form ''y'all'' is the most prevalent in print, being ten times as common as ''ya'll''.〔Garner, Bryan. (''Garner's Modern American Usage'' ). 2009. p.873.〕
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