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Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking. Walkability has many health, environmental, and economic benefits. Factors influencing walkability include the presence or absence and quality of footpaths, sidewalks or other pedestrian rights-of-way, traffic and road conditions, land use patterns, building accessibility, and safety, among others.〔(Online TDM Encyclopedia chapter on pedestrian improvements )〕 Walkability is an important concept in sustainable urban design.〔(S. Grignaffini, S. Cappellanti, A. Cefalo, "Visualizing sustainability in urban conditions", ''WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment'', Vol. 1, pp. 253-262, 10 Jun 2008. )〕 ==Definitions== One proposed definition for walkability is: "The extent to which the built environment is friendly to the presence of people living, shopping, visiting, enjoying or spending time in an area".〔Abley, Stephen. ("Walkability Scoping Paper" ) 21 March 2005. Retrieved 4/21/08〕 Factors affecting walkability include, but are not limited to: * Street connectivity * Land use mix * Residential density (residential units per area of residential use) * Presence of trees and vegetation * Frequency and variety of buildings * Entrances and other sensations along street frontages * Transparency, which includes amount of glass in windows and doors, orientation and proximity of homes, and buildings to watch over the street * Plenty of places to go to near the majority of homes * Placemaking, such as street designs that work for people, not just cars * Retail floor area ratio Major infrastructural factors include access to mass transit, presence and quality of footpaths, buffers to moving traffic (planter strips, on-street parking or bike lanes) and pedestrian crossings, aesthetics, nearby local destinations, air quality, shade or sun in appropriate seasons, street furniture, traffic volume and speed.〔 and wind conditions. Walkability is also examined based on the surrounding built environment. Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero's five D's of the built environment, density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit, heavily influence an area's walkability. Combinations of these factors influence an individual's decision to walk.〔Wang, Ke. "Causality Between Built Environment and Travel Behavior: Structural Equations Model Applied to Southern California." Transportation Research Method, no 2397 (2013): 80- 88.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「walkability」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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