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votum
In ancient Roman religion, a ''votum'', plural ''vota'', is a vow or promise made to a deity. The word comes from the past participle of the Latin verb ''voveo, vovere'', "vow, promise." As the result of this verbal action, a ''votum'' is also that which fulfills a vow, that is, the thing promised, such as offerings, a statue, or even a temple building. The ''votum'' is thus an aspect of the contractual nature of Roman religion, a bargaining expressed by ''do ut des'', "I give that you might give."〔John Scheid, "Sacrifices for Gods and Ancestors", in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'' (Blackwell, 2007), p. 270; William Warde Fowler, ''The Religious Experience of the Roman People'' (London, 1922), pp. 200–202.〕
==Private ''vota''==
In everyday life, individuals might make votive offerings to a deity for private concerns. ''Vota privata'' are attested in abundance by inscriptions, particularly for the later Imperial era. These are regularly marked with the letters V.S.L.M., ''votum solvit libens merito'', noting that the person making the dedication "He has fulfilled his vow, willingly, as it should." William Warde Fowler found in these offerings "expressions of … religious feeling" and a gratitude for blessings received that go deeper than contractual formalism.〔Fowler, ''Religious Experience'', pp. 201–202.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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