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A vocation (〔Richard A. Muller, ''Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology'' (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House Company, 1985), s.v. “vocation.”〕) is an occupation to which a person is specially drawn or for which she/he is suited, trained, or qualified. Though now often used in non-religious contexts, the meanings of the term originated in Christianity. ==Senses== Use of the word "vocation" before the sixteenth century referred firstly to the "call" by God〔The OED records effectively identical uses of "call" in English back to c.1300: OED, "Call", 6 "To nominate by a personal "call" or summons (to special service or office);''esp.'' by Divine authority..."〕 to an individual, or calling of all humankind to salvation, particularly in the Vulgate, and more specifically to the "vocation" to the priesthood, or to the religious life, which is still the usual sense in Roman Catholicism. Roman Catholicism recognizes marriage, single life, religious, and ordained life as the four vocations.〔(Pope John Paul II, ''Familiaris Consortio'', 11.4 )〕 Martin Luther,〔Gustaf Wingren, ''Luther on Vocation''〕 followed by John Calvin, placed a particular emphasis on vocations, or divine callings, as potentially including most secular occupations, though this idea was by no means new.〔David L. Jeffrey, ''A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0-8028-3634-8, ISBN 978-0-8028-3634-2, (Google books ) See also Max Weber, ''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'', trans. Alcott Parsons, Ch.3, p. 79 & note 1.〕 Calvinism developed complex ideas about different types of vocations of the first type, connected with the concepts of Predestination, Irresistible grace, and the elect. There are the ''vocatio universalis'', the ''vocatio specialis'', only extended to some. There were also complex distinctions between internal and external, and the "vocatio efficax" and "inefficax" types of callings.〔Kenneth G. Appold. ''Abraham Calov's doctrine of vocatio in its systematic context'', p. 125 and generally, Mohr Siebeck, 1998, ISBN 3-16-146858-9, ISBN 978-3-16-146858-2, (Google books ). See also Jeffrey, 815〕 Hyper-Calvinism, unusually, rejects the idea of a "universal call", a vocation, to repent and believe, held by virtually all other Christian groups. In Protestantism the call from God to devote one's life to him by joining the clergy is often covered by the English equivalent term "call", whereas in Roman Catholicism "vocation" is still used. Both senses of the word "call" are used in 1 Corinthians 7:20, where Paul says "Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called" (KJV). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「vocation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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