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villanelle
A villanelle (also known as ''villanesque'')〔Kastner 1903 p. 279〕 is a nineteen-line poetic form consisting of five tercets followed by a quatrain. There are two refrains and two repeating rhymes, with the first and third line of the first tercet repeated alternately until the last stanza, which includes both repeated lines. The villanelle is an example of a fixed verse form. The word derives from Latin, then Italian, and is related to the initial subject of the form being the pastoral.
The form started as a simple ballad-like song with no fixed form; this fixed quality would only come much later, from the poem "Villanelle (J'ay perdu ma Tourterelle)" (1606) by Jean Passerat. From this point, its evolution into the "fixed form" used in the present day is debated. Despite its French origins, the majority of villanelles have been written in English, a trend which began in the late nineteenth century. The villanelle has been noted as a form that frequently treats the subject of obsessions, and one which appeals to outsiders; its defining feature of repetition prevents it from having a conventional tone.
==Etymology==
The word ''villanelle'' derives from the Italian ''villanella'', referring to a rustic song or dance,〔 and which comes from ''villano'', meaning peasant or villein.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=villanelle&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕 ''Villano'' derives from the Medieval Latin ''villanus'', meaning a "farmhand".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=villain&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕 The etymology of the word relates to the fact that the form's initial distinguishing feature was the pastoral subject.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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