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The ''Vigintisexviri'' (sing. ''vigintisexvir'') was a college (''collegium'') of minor magistrates (''magistratus minores'') in the Roman Republic; the name literally means "Twenty-Six Men". The college consisted of six boards: * ''decemviri stlitibus iudicandis'' - 10 magistrates who judged lawsuits, including those dealing with whether a man was free or a slave; * the ''tresviri capitales'', also known as ''nocturni'' - three magistrates who had a police function in Rome, in charge of prisons and the execution of criminals; 〔Hornblower 1999:police〕 * the ''tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo'', also known as ''tresviri monetales'' - three magistrates who were in charge of striking and casting bronze, silver and gold (minting coins); * the ''quattuorviri viis in urbe purgandis'', also known as ''quattuorviri viarum curandarum'' - four magistrates overseeing road maintenance within the city of Rome; * the ''duoviri viis extra urbem purgandis'', also known as ''duoviri curatores viarum'' - two magistrates overseeing road maintenance near Rome; * the four ''praefecti Capuam Cumas'' - praefecti sent to Capua and Cumae in Campania to administer justice there. The singular of ''tresviri'' is ''triumvir''; ''triumviri'' is also sometimes used for the plural but is considered to be less correct.〔Jones 1990:Mint magistrates〕 In the Republic, the Vigintisexvirate had served as a stepping stone for the sons of senators to begin their own public careers in the cursus honorum; Julius Caesar had served as ''curator viarum'' and restored parts of the Via Appia. In AD 13, however, the Senate passed a ''senatus consultum'' restricting the reduced Vigintivirate to the Equestrians. During the Principate, Caesar Augustus abolished the ''duoviri viis extra urbem purgandis'' and the four ''praefecti Capuam Cumas'', thereby changing the ''vigintisexviri'' into the ''vigintiviri'' ("Twenty Men"). ==Notes== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「vigintisexviri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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