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vielle
The vielle is a European bowed stringed instrument used in the Medieval period, similar to a modern violin but with a somewhat longer and deeper body, five (rather than four) gut strings, and a leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal tuning pegs, sometimes with a figure-8 shaped body. The instrument was also known as a ''fidel'' or a ''viuola'', although the French name for the instrument, ''vielle'', is generally used. It was one of the most popular instruments of the Medieval period, and was used by troubadours and jongleurs from the 13th through the 15th centuries. The vielle possibly derived from the lira, a Byzantine bowed instrument closely related to the rebab, an Arab bowed instrument〔“fiddle,” ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/206069/fiddle (retrieved March 06, 2009)〕
Starting in the middle or end of the 15th century, the word ''vielle'' was used to refer to the hurdy-gurdy.
Several modern groups of musicians have formed into bands to play early music (pre-Baroque), and they sometimes include vielles, or modern reproductions, in their ensembles, together with other instruments such as rebecs and saz.
==References==
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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