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urbarium
An urbarium ((ドイツ語:Urbar), English: ''urbarium'', also ''rental'' or ''rent-roll'', (スロバキア語:urbár), (ハンガリー語:urbárium)), is a register of fief ownership and includes the rights and benefits that the fief holder has over his serfs and peasants. It is an important economic and legal source of medieval and early modern feudalism.
Urbaria were also used to record land rent and stock. Depending on the region and writing materials for these lists they are also called ''Salbuch'', ''Berain'', ''Heberegister'', ''Erdbuch'' (census book) ''Zins-Rödel'' or ''Rodel''.
The term is from the Old High German ''ur-beran'' or the Middle High German ''erbern'' for "bring", "create" or "an income derived". It was used for economic, administrative or legal purposes as a directory of real estate, taxation, and the services owed a land holder (such as a monastery or noble) especially in the Habsburg lands. The panels of an urbarium, which may be recopied several times to create a clean copy, were either stored as a scroll ((ドイツ語:Rödel)) or the strips of parchment were sewn together to create a codex,〔see Alfons Schäfer: ''Die ältesten Zinsrödel im Badischen Generallandesarchiv (Karlsruhe). Rödel als Vorläufer und Vorstufen der Urbare'', in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins (ZGO) 112 (1964), S. 297-372 .〕 or were handwritten on preprinted forms in more recent centuries, as Empress Maria Theresa's urbarial survey of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 18th century.
==See also==
*Manorial roll
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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