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turbophoresis
Turbophoresis is the tendency for particles to migrate in the direction of decreasing turbulence level. The principle tends to segregate particles entrained in high velocity gases axially toward the wall region.
Caporaloni et al. (1975)〔Caporaloni, M., F. Tampieri, F. Trombetti, and O. Vittori (1975), Transfer of particles in nonisotropic air turbulence, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 565–568.〕 first found that because the vertical gradient of turbulence near a depositing surface is large, turbophoresis is expected to enhance rate of particle deposition onto the surface. It was also predicted independently by Reeks (1983) 〔Reeks, M. W.(1983, The transport of discrete particles in inhomogeneous turbulence, J. Aerosol Sci., 14(6),729-739.〕 who derived it rigorously from the particle kinetic equation and showed that it arose from a force balance between the net drag force and the gradient of the particle kinetic stresses acting on the particles due to the turbulence. He predicted that this would lead to a build up of concentration near the wall, a feature which has been observed both experimentally and in Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). He also independently called it turbophoresis.
Dasgupta et al., (1997)〔Sanjay Dasgupta, R. Jackson and S. Sundaresan: "Developing Flow of Gas-Particle Mixtures in Vertical Ducts", ''Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.'', 1997, 36(8), 3375-3390.〕 demonstrated that the non-uniform cross-sectional particle distribution observed during high-velocity flow of gas-particle mixtures through a vertical duct is indeed driven by turbophoresis.
==References==
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