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A turban (from Persian دولبند, ''dulband''; via Middle French ''turbant'') is a type of headwear based on cloth winding. Featuring many variations, it is worn as customary headwear, usually by men. Communities with prominent turban-wearing traditions can be found in the Indian Subcontinent, Afghanistan, the Arabian Peninsula, the Near East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Sahel, and parts of the Swahili Coast. Wearing turbans is common among Sikhs, who refer to it as a ''Dastar''. In certain other faith communities, the headgear also serves as a religious observance, including among Muslims, who regard turban-wearing as ''Sunnah Mu'akkadah'' (confirmed tradition). Jews formerly wore turbans in Biblical times. Additionally, turbans have often been worn by nobility, regardless of religious background. They are also sometimes donned to protect hair or as a headwrap for women following cancer treatments. ==History== The origins of the turban are uncertain. Early Persians in modern Iran and Phrygians in modern Turkey wore a conical cap (Phrygian cap) encircled by bands of cloth, which historians have suggested was developed to become the modern turban, but other theories suggest it was first widely worn in Egypt. An early attestation for knowledge of the turban is found in the Roman author Ovid's Metamorphoses, dating to the 1st century BC. Ovid recounts the myth that Midas king of the Phrygians, an Indo-European people of central Turkey, wore a royal purple turban to cover his donkey ears.〔Ovid, Metamophoses, 11.146, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D11%3Acard%3D146〕〔Norma Goldman, "Latin Via Ovid: A First Course" p. 160 http://books.google.com/books?id=fORWW12AoTAC&pg=PA158&lpg=PA158&dq=ovid+turban+midas&source=bl&ots=1jKDWjz-aa&sig=hoOBC5Uwef1nYPE68mBgNT0yWQk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RPtGVLPDMYGMyASnjIH4Bg&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=ovid%20turban%20midas&f=false〕 A style of turban called a ''phakeolis'' continued to be worn in that region by soldiers of the Byzantine army in the period 400–600,〔Raffaele D'Amato "Roman Military Clothing (3): AD 400-640" p. 4, http://books.google.com/books?id=q0J78geiNrYC&pg=PA4&dq=phakeolis+turban&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ePlGVMeXOs_9yQSo7ILACg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=phakeolis%20turban&f=false〕 as well as by Byzantine civilians as depicted in Greek frescoes from the 10th century in the province of Cappadocia in modern Turkey,〔The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing through World History, p. 269, http://books.google.com/books?id=q6FI2czFz6MC&pg=PA269&dq=phakeolis+turban&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ePlGVMeXOs_9yQSo7ILACg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=phakeolis%20turban&f=false〕 where it was still worn by their Greek-speaking descendants in the early 20th century. The Islamic prophet, Muhammad, who lived 570–632, is believed to have worn a turban in white, the most holy colour. Many Muslim men choose to wear green, because it represents paradise, especially among followers of Sufism. In parts of North Africa, where blue is common, the shade of a turban can signify the tribe of the wearer.〔Hughes, Thomas Patrick. A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopedia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies and Customs Together with the Technical and Theological Terms of the Muhammadan Religion. WH Allen & Company, 1895.〕 File:Shambhuraje1.jpg|The Maratha Chattrapati Sambhaji, wearing a Turban, jeweled with gemstones. File:Aurangzeb in old age 2.jpg|The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb wearing a Turban and its ornaments. File:Sarayi Album 10a.jpg|Sultan Mehmed II wearing a Turban. File:Babur and Humayun.jpg|Mughal Emperor Babur and his heir Humayun wearing Turbans. File:II Selim.jpg|Selim II wearing the Ottoman imperial Turban. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「turban」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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