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transactivation
In the context of gene regulation, transactivation is increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through expressing an intermediate (transactivator) protein. In the context of receptor signaling, transactivation occurs when one or more receptors activates another; receptor transactivation may result from crosstalk of their signaling cascades.
== Natural transactivation ==
Transactivation can be triggered either by endogenous cellular or viral proteins, so-called transactivators. These protein factors act in trans (''i.e.'', intermolecularly). HIV and HTLV are just two of the many viruses that encode transactivators to enhance their own gene expression. These transactivators can also be associated with cancer if they start interacting and increasing expression of a cellular proto-oncogene. HTLV for instance has been associated with causing leukemia primarily through this process. Its transactivator (named ''tax'') can interact with p40, causing overexpression of interleukin 2, interleukin receptors, GM-CSF and the transcription factor c-Fos. HTLV infects T-cells and so, with increased expression of these stimulatory cytokines and transcription factors, leads to uncontrolled proliferation of T-cells and hence lymphoma.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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