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tithing
A tithing or tything was a historic English legal, administrative or territorial unit, originally one tenth of a hundred, and later a subdivision of a manor or civil parish. The term implies a grouping of ten households (Scandinavian: ten = ''ti'', assembly = ''thing''). The tithing's leader or spokesman was known as a ''tithingman''.〔(Dictionary definition of "Tithing" )〕〔(Dictionary definition of "Tithingman" ). Webster's Online Dictionary. Retrieved 19 January 2012.〕
==History==
The term originated in the 10th century, when a tithing meant a group of ten adult males (over the age of 12), each of whom was responsible for the other members' actions and behaviour in a system of frankpledge. It later came to be used in a wider range of legal, fiscal and estate-management contexts, sometimes applied to a grouping of householders and sometimes to an area of land (with considerable overlap between the two senses). It continued to be found in some parts of rural England well into the 19th century.
In Kent, and in parts of Surrey and Sussex, the equivalent term was a borgh, borow, or borough (not to be confused with ''borough'' in the more usual sense of a chartered or privileged town);〔 Click on the link for "Full text of article" to download the article in PDF format.〕〔(E 179/249/33 Part 2 of 10 ). (1663). The National Archives. Retrieved 19 January 2012.〕 and the equivalent to the tithingman was a ''borsholder'', ''borough-holder'' or ''headborough''.〔Johnson, S. et al. (1835), (''English Dictionary'' ), p. 148.〕〔(Dictionary definition of "Borsholder" ). Webster's Online Dictionary. Retrieved 19 January 2012.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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